ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2015
Insulin administration: present strategies and future directions for a noninvasive (possibly more physiological) delivery.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- pH and Glucose Dual-Responsive Hybrid Polymeric Smart Insulin Carrier for Diabetes Treatment.Polymers · 2026Article
- The spectrum of exogenous insulin requirement in people living with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Insulin Administration and Technological Advances in Diabetes Mellitus: Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Brain insulin resistance mediated cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration: Type-3 diabetes or Alzheimer's Disease.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Review
- Development and Characterization of Zein/Eudragit Composite Nanoparticles for Insulin Intranasal Delivery.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Atherosclerosis: Insights into Pathophysiological Aspects and Future Therapeutic Prospects.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Review
- Insulin Analogs and the Mode of Insulin Delivery: Recent Advances and Challenges.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Morning Engagement of Hepatic Insulin Receptors Improves Afternoon Hepatic Glucose Disposal and Storage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effectiveness, safety, and preference of transdermal insulin compared to subcutaneous insulin in the treatment of diabetes patients: a systematic review of clinical trials.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- A novel approach to insulin delivery via oral route: Milk fat globule membrane derived liposomes as a delivery vehicle.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Recent advances in oral insulin delivery technologies.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Insulin Therapy for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Innovative Treatment Strategies.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Review
- Application of Nanoparticles: Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Delivery of Insulin/Anti-Diabetic Drugs to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Diabetes Mellitus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Insulin: evolution of insulin formulations and their application in clinical practice over 100 years.Acta diabetologica · 2022Review
- Multi-Faceted Influence of Obesity on Type 1 Diabetes in Children - From Disease Pathogenesis to Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Polymeric microneedle-mediated sustained release systems: Design strategies and promising applications for drug delivery.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Review
- Importance of the route of insulin delivery to its control of glucose metabolism.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- The discovery of insulin revisited: lessons for the modern era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- Therapeutics for type-2 diabetes mellitus: a glance at the recent inclusions and novel agents under development for use in clinical practice.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Weight Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity: Challenges and Possible Solutions.Current obesity reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insulin is a life-saving medication for people with type 1 diabetes, but traditional insulin replacement therapy is based on multiple daily subcutaneous injections or continuous subcutaneous pump-regulated infusion. Nonphysiologic delivery of subcutaneous insulin implies a rapid and sustained increase in systemic insulin levels due to the loss of concentration gradient between portal and systemic circulations. In fact, the liver degrades about half of the endogenous insulin secreted by the pancreas into the venous portal system. The reverse insulin distribution has short- and long-term effects on glucose metabolism. Thus, researchers have explored less-invasive administration routes based on innovative pharmaceutical formulations, which preserve hormone stability and ensure the therapeutic effectiveness. This review examines some of the recent proposals from clinical and material chemistry point of view, giving particular attention to patients' (and diabetologists') ideal requirements that organic chemistry could meet.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.