Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26201031›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2015

Salt Reduction Initiatives around the World - A Systematic Review of Progress towards the Global Target.

Kathy Trieu, Bruce Neal, Corinna Hawkes, Elizabeth Dunford, Norm Campbell, Rodrigo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Branka Legetic, Lindsay McLaren, Amanda Barberio, Jacqui Webster

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 247 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
247citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

247 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
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  15. Dietary Sources of Salt in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
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187 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kathy TrieuFood Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Bruce NealFood Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Corinna HawkesPolicy and Public Affairs, World Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom.
Elizabeth DunfordFood Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Norm CampbellDepartment of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Rodrigo Rodriguez-FernandezInternational SOS Freeport Industrial Public Health and Malaria Control, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia.
Branka LegeticUnit of Noncommunicable Diseases and Disability, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization- WHO, Washington DC, United States of America.
Lindsay McLarenCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Amanda BarberioCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Jacqui WebsterFood Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo quantify progress with the initiation of salt reduction strategies around the world in the context of the global target to reduce population salt intake by 30% by 2025.

methodsA systematic review of the published and grey literature was supplemented by questionnaires sent to country program leaders. Core characteristics of strategies were extracted and categorised according to a pre-defined framework.

resultsA total of 75 countries now have a national salt reduction strategy, more than double the number reported in a similar review done in 2010. The majority of programs are multifaceted and include industry engagement to reformulate products (n = 61), establishment of sodium content targets for foods (39), consumer education (71), front-of-pack labelling schemes (31), taxation on high-salt foods (3) and interventions in public institutions (54). Legislative action related to salt reduction such as mandatory targets, front of pack labelling, food procurement policies and taxation have been implemented in 33 countries. 12 countries have reported reductions in population salt intake, 19 reduced salt content in foods and 6 improvements in consumer knowledge, attitudes or behaviours relating to salt.

conclusionThe large and increasing number of countries with salt reduction strategies in place is encouraging although activity remains limited in low- and middle-income regions. The absence of a consistent approach to implementation highlights uncertainty about the elements most important to success. Rigorous evaluation of ongoing programs and initiation of salt reduction programs, particularly in low- and middle- income countries, will be vital to achieving the targeted 30% reduction in salt intake.

Indexed as

Databases, BibliographicDeveloping CountriesFast FoodsFood IndustryHealth PromotionHumansRecommended Dietary AllowancesSodium, DietarySodium, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID26201031
PMCPMC4511674

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.