ReviewNature neuroscience2015
Sex differences and stress across the lifespan.
Review in Nature neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 406 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
406 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neural correlates of acute task-related stress in humans: a systematic review and coordinate-based ALE meta-analysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Control Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2025Pooled it
- The influence of sex and reproductive cycle on cocaine-induced behavioral and neurobiological alterations: a review.Experimental brain research · 2022Pooled it
- Time-Restricted Eating and Sleep, Mood, and Quality of Life in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Insomnia symptoms and stress exposure interact in relation to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- In-hospital psychological stress and post-hospital outcomes.Journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Proenkephalin neurons in the adBNST mitigate stress-induced anxiety and estrous cycle disruption in female mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Chronic stress, social support, and domain-specific cognitive decline in HABS-HD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Bias and Beliefs: Age Discrimination, Perceived Control over Cognitive Aging, and Executive Functioning in Caregiving Grandparents.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stressful Life Event Exposure Is Associated with Combined Physical and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults.Gerontology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and timing of childhood adversity: Test-retest reliability of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire in a mid-aged, female cohort.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026Article
- Prefrontal-medullary circuitry is necessary for sex-specific responses to metabolic stress in rats.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Developing a multi-modal neuroimaging-based BrainAge model across childhood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Investigating the impact of stressful life events on neuroanatomy across adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Reversal of Stress-Induced Depressogenic Behaviors by Inhibition of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB Signaling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- The association of time-restricted eating and indices of organ-specific aging in relation to metabolic health and obesity.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- From Basic Psychological Need Frustration to Stress Responses: Examining how Bullying Victimization Sensitizes Daily-Life Experiences in Adolescence.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Article
- A female-specific role for Slit1 in prenatal stress-induced depression vulnerability.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Impact of adverse life experiences on pain, depression, anxiety, and comorbidities: a youth longitudinal sample.Pain reports · 2026Article
346 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sex differences in stress responses can be found at all stages of life and are related to both the organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones and to genes on the sex chromosomes. As stress dysregulation is the most common feature across neuropsychiatric diseases, sex differences in how these pathways develop and mature may predict sex-specific periods of vulnerability to disruption and increased disease risk or resilience across the lifespan. The aging brain is also at risk to the effects of stress, where the rapid decline of gonadal hormones in women combined with cellular aging processes promote sex biases in stress dysregulation. In this Review, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms driving sex differences in stress responses and their relevance to disease. Although stress is involved in a much broader range of diseases than neuropsychiatric ones, we highlight here this area and its examples across the lifespan.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.