Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26411958›Full record

SynthesisThe British journal of nutrition2015

The effect of macronutrients on glycaemic control: a systematic review of dietary randomised controlled trials in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes in which there was no difference in weight loss between treatment groups.

Amir Emadian, Rob C Andrews, Clare Y England, Victoria Wallace, Janice L Thompson

Open access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The British journal of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Amir Emadian1School of Sport,Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences,University of Birmingham,Edgbaston,Birmingham B15 2TT,UK.
Rob C Andrews2School of Clinical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS10 5NB,UK.
Clare Y England3Centre for Exercise,Nutrition and Health Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1TZ,UK.
Victoria Wallace4School of Psychology,University of Birmingham,Edgbaston,Birmingham B15 2TT,UK.
Janice L Thompson1School of Sport,Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences,University of Birmingham,Edgbaston,Birmingham B15 2TT,UK.
University of Birmingham · GBUniversity of Bristol · GB

Funding

Department of Health CAT CDRF 10-017Medical Research Council MR/K00414X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Weight loss is crucial for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains unclear which dietary intervention is best for optimising glycaemic control, or whether weight loss itself is the main reason behind observed improvements. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of various dietary interventions on glycaemic control in overweight and obese adults with T2DM when controlling for weight loss between dietary interventions. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) was conducted. Electronic searches of Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were conducted. Inclusion criteria included RCT with minimum 6 months duration, with participants having BMI≥25·0 kg/m2, a diagnosis of T2DM using HbA1c, and no statistically significant difference in mean weight loss at the end point of intervention between dietary arms. Results showed that eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Only four RCT indicated the benefit of a particular dietary intervention over another in improving HbA1c levels, including the Mediterranean, vegan and low glycaemic index (GI) diets. However the findings from one of the four studies showing a significant benefit are questionable because of failure to control for diabetes medications and poor adherence to the prescribed diets. In conclusion there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest that any particular diet is superior in treating overweight and obese patients with T2DM. Although the Mediterranean, vegan and low-GI diets appear to be promising, further research that controls for weight loss and the effects of diabetes medications in larger samples is needed.

Indexed as

DietWeight LossBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, MediterraneanDiet, VeganGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic IndexHumansMEDLINEObesityOverweightRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinADA American Diabetes AssociationDietGI glycaemic indexGL glycaemic loadLCM low carbohydrate MediterraneanSystematic reviewsT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusType 2 diabetesWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID26411958
PMCPMC4657029
OpenAlexW2120418386

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.