Trial reportJournal of diabetes science and technology2015
Fluctuations of Hyperglycemia and Insulin Sensitivity Are Linked to Menstrual Cycle Phases in Women With T1D.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07278063 (Effect of Gender and Meal Composition on the Postprandial Glycemic Response in People With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Gender and Meal Composition on the Postprandial Glycemic Response in People With Type 1 Diabetes: Impact of Fat Content and Menstrual Cycle Phases
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence between regular human insulin (rDNA origin) in 0.9% sodium chloride ready-to-use infusion 1 U/mL and 100 U/mL concentrate diluted to 1 U/mL in healthy males.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Informed Advisory System with Automated Titration and Dosing of Insulin Reduces Glucose Variability in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2018Trial
- A study of changes in insulin requirements related to the menstrual cycle in Japanese women with type 1 diabetes using the advanced hybrid closed-loop system.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Modeling ovarian hormone effects on glucose-insulin control in type 1 diabetes.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes: An Observational Study of Individuals Using an Automated Insulin Delivery System.Diabetes care · 2026Observational
- Women living with diabetes: Overlooked and under-recognised, the psychosocial impact.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Review
- Examining Experiences With Menstruation and Glycemic Variability: Content Analysis on Reddit.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Challenges in glycaemic control among women with type 1 diabetes and the role of MiniMed 780G system: A narrative review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Current evidence and research gaps in menopause management in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review.Endocrine connections · 2025Review
- The Future of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Review
- Menstrual cycle influence on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in humans.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- One Size Does Not Fit All: The Need for Sex-Specific Precision Medicine in Diabetes Technology.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular disease in women with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review and insights from a population-based cohort analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Type 1 Diabetes Management in the Female Population: Evaluation of the Impact of Sex on Glycemic Control and the Perceived Performance of Diabetes Technology Across the Menstrual Cycle.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Impact of Physiological Fluctuations of Sex Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle on Glucose Metabolism and the Gut Microbiota.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2024Review
- Case report: catamenial hyperglycemia: the trigger of recurrent DKA in a female patient with three-year follow-up.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Resistance Development in Female Rodents with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Article
- Closed loop insulin delivery-Opportunities and limitations.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFactors influencing glycemic variability in type 1 diabetes (T1D) may play a significant role in the refinement of closed loop insulin administration. Phase of menstrual cycle is one such factor that has been inadequately investigated. We propose that unique individual patterns can be constructed and used as parameters of closed loop systems.
methodWomen with T1D on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring were studied for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. Ovulation prediction kits and labs were used to confirm phase of menstrual cycle. Glycemic risks were assessed using the low- and high blood glucose indices (LBGI and HBGI). Insulin sensitivity (SI) was estimated using a Kalman filtering method from meal and insulin data. Overall change significance for glycemic risks was assessed by repeated measures ANOVA, with specific phases emphasized using contrasts.
resultsOvulation was confirmed in 33/36 cycles studied in 12 subjects (age = 33.1 ± 7.0 years, BMI = 25.7 ± 2.9 kg/m(2), A1c = 6.8 ± 0.7%). Risk for hyperglycemia changed significantly during the cycle (P = .023), with HBGI increasing until early luteal phase and returning to initial levels thereafter. LBGI was steady in the follicular phase, decreasing thereafter but not significantly. SI was depressed during the luteal phase when compared to the early follicular phase (P ≤ .05). Total daily insulin, carbohydrates, or calories did not show any significant fluctuations.
conclusionsWomen with T1D have glycemic variability changes that are specific to the individual and are linked to phase of cycle. An increased risk of hyperglycemia was observed during periovulation and early luteal phases compared to the early follicular phase; these changes appear to be associated with decreased insulin sensitivity during the luteal phase.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.