Trial reportBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2016
Exenatide acutely increases heart rate in parallel with augmented sympathetic nervous system activation in healthy overweight males.
Trial report in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Autonomic Function in Subjects with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on arrhythmias and its subtypes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2017Pooled it
- Exenatide and glucagon co-infusion increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves markers of diastolic dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Mechanisms underlying the blood pressure lowering effects of dapagliflozin, exenatide, and their combination in people with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Trial
- Acute renal effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide in overweight type 2 diabetes patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Diabetologia · 2016Trial
- Exenatide acutely increases heart rate in parallel with augmented sympathetic nervous system activation in healthy overweight males.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Comment on "The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on sympathetic neuron activity".Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on sympathetic neuron activity.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate in non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Dapagliflozin associates with heart rate variability decline in T2DM patients on GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy: a prospective observational study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Diabetes Mellitus and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Impacts of Glucose-Lowering Drugs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Cardiac and Sympathoadrenal GLP-1 Receptor Signaling: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Effects.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Anti-Diabetic Therapy and Heart Failure: Recent Advances in Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanism.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Links between Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension: The Relationship with the Current Antidiabetic Drugs.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The impact of weight loss related to risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2021Observational
- Safety of Semaglutide.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021 · on this mapReview
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the Integration of Neural and Endocrine Responses to Stress.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Searching for optimal blood pressure targets in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimClinical use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) is consistently associated with heart rate (HR) acceleration in type 2 diabetes patients. We explored the mechanisms underlying this potential safety concern.
methodsTen healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study. Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA). Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity was measured by heart rate variability and rate-pressure product.
resultsExenatide increased HR by a mean maximum of 6.8 (95% CI 1.7, 11.9) beats min(-1) (P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 9.8 (95% CI 3.5, 16.1) mmHg (P < 0.01) and markers of SNS activity (P < 0.05). No changes in total peripheral resistance were observed. Increases in HR, SBP and sympathetic activity were preserved during concomitant L-NMMA infusion.
conclusionsOur data argue against exenatide-induced reflex tachycardia as a response to vasodilation and rather suggest the involvement of SNS activation in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.