Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26655188›Full record

Trial reportEuropean neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology2016

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces cocaine use: A pilot study.

Alberto Terraneo, Lorenzo Leggio, Marina Saladini, Mario Ermani, Antonello Bonci, Luigi Gallimberti

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
120citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
15.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

120 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuromodulation therapies for substance use disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
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  19. Abnormal ventromedial-to-dorsolateral hierarchical topography of striatal circuits in cocaine use disorder and its modulations by brain stimulation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  20. Review

60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Alberto TerraneoIRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy.
Lorenzo LeggioNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States; Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, United States; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Marina SaladiniDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Italy.
Mario ErmaniDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Italy.
Antonello BonciNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States; Solomon H. Snyder Neuroscience Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: antonello.bonci@nih.gov.
Luigi GallimbertiIRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy.
IRCCS San Camillo Hospital · ITUniversity of Padua · ITJohns Hopkins Medicine · USNational Institute on Drug Abuse · US

Funding

Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology (CPN)ZIAAA000218 · NIAAA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM · PI LEGGIO, LORENZO · 2013 to 2020
$22.8M
What does potentiated AMPA/NMDA ratio mean?ZIADA000582 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI BONCI, ANTONELLO · 2011 to 2019
$2.3M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DA999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DA000582
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledRecent animal studies demonstrate that compulsive cocaine seeking strongly reduces prelimbic frontal cortex activity, while optogenetic stimulation of this brain area significantly inhibits compulsive cocaine seeking, providing a strong rationale for applying brain stimulation to reduce cocaine consumption. Thus, we employed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), to test if dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation might prevent cocaine use in humans. Thirty-two cocaine-addicted patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (rTMS) on the left DLPFC, or to a control group (pharmacological agents) during a 29-day study (Stage 1). This was followed by a 63-day follow-up (Stage 2), during which all participants were offered rTMS treatment. Amongst the patients who completed Stage 1, 16 were in the rTMS group (100%) and 13 in the control group (81%). No significant adverse events were noted. During Stage 1, there were a significantly higher number of cocaine-free urine drug tests in the rTMS group compared to control (p=0.004). Craving for cocaine was also significantly lower in the rTMS group compared to the controls (p=0.038). Out of 13 patients who completed Stage 1 in the control group, 10 patients received rTMS treatment during Stage 2 and showed significant improvement with favorable outcomes becoming comparable to those of the rTMS group. The present preliminary findings support the safety of rTMS in cocaine-addicted patients, and suggest its potential therapeutic role for rTMS-driven PFC stimulation in reducing cocaine use, providing a strong rationale for developing larger placebo-controlled studies. Trial name: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in cocaine abusers, URL:〈http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15823943?q=&filters=&sort=&offset=8&totalResults=13530&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search〉, REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN15823943.

Indexed as

Prefrontal CortexAdultCocaineCocaine-Related DisordersCravingDepressionDopamine Uptake InhibitorsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMalePilot ProjectsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationTreatment OutcomeCocaineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsAddictionCocaine use disorderCravingOptogeneticsPrefrontal cortexRepeated transcranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID26655188
PMCPMC9379076
OpenAlexW2189323543

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.