ArticleJournal of nutritional science2015
Oxidation levels of North American over-the-counter n-3 (omega-3) supplements and the influence of supplement formulation and delivery form on evaluating oxidative safety.
Article in Journal of nutritional science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbial community and host intestinal gene expression with combined fish oil and soluble corn fiber compared with corn oil and maltodextrin: A randomized crossover trial in healthy older individuals.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Review
- A Comprehensive Study via Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of a Variety of Omega-3 Lipid-Rich Supplements Available in the Spanish Market: Acyl Group Profile, Minor Components, and Oxidative Status.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mass spectrometry unveils heat-induced changes in yolk oxylipins and key lipid molecules during home cooking.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Palatability and Acceptability of Flaxseed-Supplemented Foods in Children with Sickle Cell Disease.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Controversies in the Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Prevent Atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2022Review
- Assessment of the safety of dietary fish oil supplements in terms of content and quality.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Perinatal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status and Obesity Risk.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Regular consumption of cod liver oil is associated with reduced basal and exercise-induced C-reactive protein levels; a prospective observational trial : A NEEDED (The North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study) 2014 sub-study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Observational
- Knowledge, Perceptions, and Patterns of Fish Oil Use in Cardiac Patients.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2020Article
- Critical Differences Between Dietary Supplement and Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2020Review
- Epoxy Fatty Acids Are Promising Targets for Treatment of Pain, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Indications Characterized by Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Stress and Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Review
- Fish oil supplements, oxidative status, and compliance behaviour: Regulatory challenges and opportunities.PloS one · 2020Article
- Immunotherapy of Mild Cognitive Impairment by ω-3 Supplementation: Why Are Amyloid-β Antibodies and ω-3 Not Working in Clinical Trials?Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018Review
- Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2017Review
- Low serum vitamin D-status, air pollution and obesity: A dangerous liaison.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
- Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content and Oxidation State of Fish Oil Supplements in New Zealand.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Concerns with the Study on Australian and New Zealand Fish Oil Products by Nichols et al. (Nutrients 2016, 8, 703).Nutrients · 2017Article
- Australian and New Zealand Fish Oil Products in 2016 Meet Label Omega-3 Claims and Are Not Oxidized.Nutrients · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidation status of North American n-3 (omega-3) PUFA nutritional supplements commercially available in Canada and evaluate the influence of product formulation and delivery form on oxidative safety. A total of 171 North American over-the-counter n-3 PUFA nutritional supplements were analysed for oxidation safety. Primary and secondary oxidation and total oxidation (TOTOX) were determined using the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) procedures. Comparisons between supplements' final forms, oil source and n-3 PUFA concentration quartiles, as measures of product formulations and delivery forms, were compared using ANOVA. Of the products successfully tested, 50 % exceeded the voluntary recommended levels for markers of oxidation. Another 18 % of products were approaching the limits with 1-3 years before expiration. Encapsulated products without flavour additives had significantly lower secondary and TOTOX levels than bulk oils and flavoured products (P < 0·05). Children's products had significantly higher primary, secondary and TOTOX levels compared with all other products (P < 0·05). Markers of oxidation did not differ between oil sources (P > 0·05), with the exception of krill oil products having higher secondary oxidation levels than plant-based products (P > 0·05). Markers of oxidation did not differ between n-3 PUFA supplement concentration quartiles. Consumers may be at risk of exposure to higher levels of oxidative products. New regulatory mandates need to be introduced to ensure that all n-3 PUFA products, used as nutritional supplements, regardless of their formulation or delivery form, can be tested for oxidative safety and compliance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.