Evidence mapPaperPMID 26714593Full record

SynthesisCancer medicine2016

Parity and thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Jingjing Zhu, Xiao Zhu, Chao Tu, Yuan-Yuan Li, Ke-Qing Qian, Cheng Jiang, Tong-Bao Feng, Changwei Li, Guang Jian Liu, Lang Wu

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Parity as a Risk Factor for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Population-based Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
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  9. Cigarette Smoking and Estrogen-Related Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones.International journal of endocrinology · 2018
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jingjing ZhuDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203.
Xiao ZhuGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
Chao TuOncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China.
Yuan-Yuan LiDepartment of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China.
Ke-Qing QianOncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China.
Cheng JiangDepartment of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
Tong-Bao FengOncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China.
Changwei LiDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112.
Guang Jian LiuDepartment of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
Lang WuDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203.

Funding

NCI NIH HHS R25 CA160056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although observational studies have assessed the relationship between parity and thyroid cancer risk, the findings are inconsistent. To quantitatively assess the association, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed and Embase were searched up to January 2015. Prospective or case-control studies that evaluated the association between parity and thyroid cancer risk were included. We used the fixed-effects model to pool risk estimates. After literature search, 10 prospective studies, 12 case-control studies and 1 pooled analysis of 14 case-control studies including 8860 patients were identified. The studies had fair methodological quality. Pooled analysis suggested that there was a significant association between parity and risk of thyroid cancer (RR for parous versus nulliparous: 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.15; I2=33.4%). The positive association persisted in almost all strata of subgroup analyses based on study design, location, study quality, type of controls, and confounder adjustment, although in some strata statistical significance was not detected. By evaluating the number of parity, we identified that both parity number of 2 versus nulliparous and parity number of 3 versus nulliparous demonstrated significant positive associations (RR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22; I2=31.1% and RR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.33; I2=19.6% respectively). The dose-response analysis suggested neither a non-linear nor linear relationship between the number of parity and thyroid cancer risk. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests a potential association between parity and risk of thyroid cancer in females. However, the lack of detection of a dose-response relationship suggests that further studies are needed to better understand the relationship.

Indexed as

ParityCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansOdds RatioPregnancyReproductive HistoryRiskThyroid NeoplasmsEpidemiologymeta-analysisparityriskthyroid cancer

Identifiers

PMID26714593
PMCPMC4831293

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.