ReviewThe Journal of physiology2016
Programming of maternal and offspring disease: impact of growth restriction, fetal sex and transmission across generations.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the evolution of placental oxidative stress research from a bibliometric perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- A Review of Biomechanics Analysis of the Umbilical-Placenta System With Regards to Diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the infant epigenome: results from a randomized controlled trial.Clinical epigenetics · 2016Trial
- From Fetal Growth Restriction to Adolescent Cardiometabolic Risk: The Impact of Catch-Up Growth and Adiposity.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Diameter of the fetal pancreas and abdomen-to-pancreas-ratio: novel ultrasound parameters in fetal growth restriction.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Early gestational weight gain and birth weight outcome: a Chinese population-based cohort.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Sex-specific cardiac remodeling and metabolic reprogramming in IUGR F2 fetuses following glyphosate or glyphosate-based herbicide exposure.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Intergenerational Effects of Maternal Stressful Life Events Before Pregnancy on Offspring Growth: A Lifecourse Approach from a Prospective Cohort.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Routine antenatal toxoplasmosis screening, is it necessary?Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Early and long-term effects of maternal protein restriction on offspring organs and systems: insights from the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Nucleus accumbens volume mediates the association between prenatal adversity and attention problems in youth.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Roles of chromosomal and gonadal sex in the fetal and placental responses to maternal food restriction in mice.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Article
- The molecular mechanisms of IUGR programmed adulthood cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The Role of Placental MFF-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- DNA methylation landscape in pregnancy-induced hypertension: progress and challenges.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Review
- Review
- The Molecular Basis of the Augmented Cardiovascular Risk in Offspring of Mothers with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exercise enhances placental labyrinth trophoblast development by activation of PGC-1α and FNDC5/irisin†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Gestational Caloric Restriction Alters Adipose Tissue Methylome and Offspring's Metabolic Profile in a Swine Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular effect of preeclampsia upon offspring development: Are (Pro) renin-renin receptor ((P)RR) and gender related?Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Babies born small are at an increased risk of developing myriad adult diseases. While growth restriction increases disease risk in all individuals, often a second hit is required to unmask 'programmed' impairments in physiology. Programmed disease outcomes are demonstrated more commonly in male offspring compared with females, with these sex-specific outcomes partly attributed to different placenta-regulated growth strategies of the male and female fetus. Pregnancy is known to be a major risk factor for unmasking a number of conditions and can be considered a 'second hit' for women who were born small. As such, female offspring often develop impairments of physiology for the first time during pregnancy that present as pregnancy complications. Numerous maternal stressors can further increase the risk of developing a maternal complication during pregnancy. Importantly, these maternal complications can have long-term consequences for both the mother after pregnancy and the developing fetus. Conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension as well as thyroid, liver and kidney diseases are all conditions that can complicate pregnancy and have long-term consequences for maternal and offspring health. Babies born to mothers who develop these conditions are often at a greater risk of developing disease in adulthood. This has implications as a mechanism for transmission of disease across generations. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding long-term intergenerational implications of being born small and/or experiencing stress during pregnancy on programming outcomes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.