ArticleGlobal health action2016
Impact evaluation of a community-based intervention for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the slums of Nairobi: the SCALE-UP study.
Article in Global health action, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary outcomes of community-based CVD preventive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in people with comorbidities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Health promotion interventions for the control of hypertension in Africa, a systematic scoping review from 2011 to 2021.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- The impact of interventions for the primary prevention of hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Effective policies on prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in different countries: A realistic review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Review
- Models of care for noncommunicable diseases in primary care: key elements and design in low- and middle-income countries - a scoping review.Global health action · 2025Article
- Scaling up structured lifestyle interventions to improve the management of cardiometabolic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of strategies, methods and outcomes.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Physical activity interventions implemented for older people in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Review
- Effectiveness of community-based interventions for prevention and control of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Interventions in hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis of natural and quasi-experiments.Clinical hypertension · 2022Article
- Effectiveness Evaluation of a Primary School-Based Intervention against Heatwaves in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Trends and risk factors for non-communicable diseases mortality in Nairobi slums (2008-2017).Global epidemiology · 2021Article
- Community-Based Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Public health reviews · 2021Article
- Mapping the Current and Future Noncommunicable Disease Burden in Kenya by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Modeling Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Impact of community based screening for hypertension on blood pressure after two years: regression discontinuity analysis in a national cohort of older adults in China.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
- Target women: Equity in access to mHealth technology in a non-communicable disease care intervention in Kenya.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Leveraging the power of partnerships: spreading the vision for a population health care delivery model in western Kenya.Globalization and health · 2018Article
- Comparison of domains of self-reported physical activity between Kenyan adult urban-slum dwellers and national estimates.Global health action · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA combination of increasing urbanization, behaviour change, and lack of health services in slums put the urban poor specifically at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community-based CVD prevention intervention on blood pressure (BP) and other CVD risk factors in a slum setting in Nairobi, Kenya.
designProspective intervention study includes awareness campaigns, household visits for screening, and referral and treatment of people with hypertension. The primary outcome was overall change in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), while secondary outcomes were changes in awareness of hypertension and other CVD risk factors. We evaluated the intervention's impact through consecutive cross-sectional surveys at baseline and after 18 months, comparing outcomes of intervention and control group, through a difference-in-difference method.
resultsWe screened 1,531 and 1,233 participants in the intervention and control sites. We observed a significant reduction in mean SBP when comparing before and after measurements in both intervention and control groups, -2.75 mmHg (95% CI -4.33 to -1.18, p=0.001) and -1.67 mmHg (95% CI -3.17 to -0.17, p=0.029), respectively. Among people with hypertension at baseline, SBP was reduced by -14.82 mmHg (95% CI -18.04 to -11.61, p<0.001) in the intervention and -14.05 (95% CI -17.71 to -10.38, p<0.001) at the control site. However, comparing these two groups, we found no difference in changes in mean SBP or hypertension prevalence.
conclusionsWe found significant declines in SBP over time in both intervention and control groups. However, we found no additional effect of a community-based intervention involving awareness campaigns, screening, referral, and treatment. Possible explanations include the beneficial effect of baseline measurements in the control group on behaviour and related BP levels, and the limited success of treatment and suboptimal adherence in the intervention group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.