ArticleBMC genomics2016
The Tetrahymena metallothionein gene family: twenty-one new cDNAs, molecular characterization, phylogenetic study and comparative analysis of the gene expression under different abiotic stressors.
Article in BMC genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of two metallothioneins in Agaricus crocodilinus reveals gene duplication and domain expansion, a pattern conserved across fungal species.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Enhanced cadmium binding ability in response to novel modifications in a Paramecium cadmium metallothionein PMCd1.PloS one · 2025Article
- Surface Display of Multiple Metal-Binding Domains inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Metallothionein-Kidney Bean Polyphenol Complexes Showed Antidiabetic Activity in Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Improving Insulin Resistance and Regulating Gut Microbiota.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Interactions with Arsenic: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Cellular Resistance in Eukaryotic Microorganisms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Article
- Metagenomics-Guided Discovery of Potential Bacterial Metallothionein Genes from the Soil Microbiome That Confer Cu and/or Cd Resistance.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Genome plasticity in response to stress in Tetrahymena thermophila: selective and reversible chromosome amplification and paralogous expansion of metallothionein genes.Environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- AP-1 (bZIP) Transcription Factors as Potential Regulators of Metallothionein Gene Expression inFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Transcriptional profiling of antioxidant defense system and heat shock protein (Hsp) families in the cadmium- and copper-exposed marine ciliate Euplotes crassu.Genes & genomics · 2018Article
- Functional characterization of a type 2 metallothionein gene, SsMT2, from alkaline-tolerant Suaeda salsa.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCiliate metallothioneins (MTs) are included in family 7 of the MT superfamily. This family has been divided into two main subfamilies: 7a or CdMTs and 7b or CuMTs. All ciliate MTs reported have been isolated from different Tetrahymena species and present unique features with regard to standard MTs. Likewise, an expression analysis has been carried out on some of MT genes under metal stress, corroborating their classification into two subfamilies.
resultsWe isolated 21 new cDNAs from different Tetrahymena species to obtain a wider view of the biodiversity of these conserved genes. Structural analysis (cysteine patterns) and an updated phylogenetic study both corroborated the previous classification into two subfamilies. A new CuMT from a Tetrahymena-related species Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was also included in this general analysis. We detected a certain tendency towards the presentation of a CdMT tri-modular structure in Borealis group species with respect to Australis group. We report for the first time a semi-complete paralog duplication of a CdMT gene originating a new CdMT gene isoform in T. malaccensis. An asymmetry of the codon usage for glutamine residues was detected between Cd- and CuMTs, and the phylogenetic implications are discussed. A comparative gene expression analysis of several MT genes by qRT-PCR revealed differential behavior among them under different abiotic stressors in the same Tetrahymena species.
conclusionsThe Tetrahymena metallothionein family represents a quite conserved protein structure group with unique features with respect to standard MTs. Both Cd- and CuMT subfamilies present very defined and differentiated characteristics at several levels: cysteine patterns, modular structure, glutamine codon usage and gene expression under metal stress, among others. Gene duplication through evolution seems to be the major genetic mechanism for creating new MT gene isoforms and increasing their functional diversity.
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