Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27208375›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2016

SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk: Lessons Learned From the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study.

Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Stefano Del Prato, Robert Chilton, Ralph A DeFronzo

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05392959 (Effect of the Antidiabetic Drug DAPAgliflozin on the Coronary Macrovascular and MICROvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
118citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
40.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05392959 phase4terminatedstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effect of the Antidiabetic Drug DAPAgliflozin on the Coronary Macrovascular and MICROvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Ran2022Enrolled4Registered outcomes3Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsDapagliflozin 10 mg Tab, Placebo
PMID 20609968PMID 25538310PMID 25488697PMID 28254770PMID 25256535PMID 26400825PMID 27440828PMID 27941935PMID 28231831PMID 29306791PMID 29769166PMID 29785878other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

118 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.

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58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Muhammad Abdul-GhaniDivision of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar abdulghani@uthscsa.edu.
Stefano Del PratoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.
Robert ChiltonDivision of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX.
Ralph A DeFronzoDivision of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX albarado@uthscsa.edu.
Hamad General Hospital · QASouth Texas Veterans Health Care System · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · USUniversity of Pisa · IT

Funding

SGLT2 Inhibitors, Ketogenesis, and KetoacidosisR01DK024092 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI RALPH A DEFRONZO · 1986 to 2026
$12.7M
The Role of Glucose Mediated Glucose Uptake in the pathogenesis of IFG and IGTR01DK097554 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Muhammad Abdul-Ghani · 2012 to 2026
$6.7M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK024092NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK097554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although cardiovascular (CV) mortality is the principal cause of death in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduction of plasma glucose concentration has little effect on CV disease (CVD) risk. Thus, novel strategies to reduce CVD risk in T2DM patients are needed. The recently published BI 10773 (Empagliflozin) Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) study demonstrated that in T2DM patients with high CVD risk empagliflozin reduced the primary major adverse cardiac event end point (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke) by 14%. This beneficial effect was driven by a 38% reduction in CV mortality with no significant decrease in nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Empagliflozin also caused a 35% reduction in hospitalization for heart failure without affecting hospitalization for unstable angina. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exert multiple metabolic benefits (decreases in HbA1c, body weight, and blood pressure and an increase in HDL cholesterol), all of which could reduce CVD risk, it is unlikely that the reduction in CV mortality can be explained by empagliflozin's metabolic effects. More likely, hemodynamic effects, specifically reduced blood pressure and decreased extracellular volume, are responsible for the reduction in CV mortality and heart failure hospitalization. In this Perspective, we will discuss possible mechanisms for these beneficial effects of empagliflozin and their implications for the care of T2DM patients.

Indexed as

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBenzhydryl CompoundsBlood GlucoseBlood PressureBody WeightCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Therapy, CombinationElectrolytesEndpoint DeterminationGlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHospitalizationHumansBenzhydryl CompoundsBlood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLElectrolytesempagliflozinGlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsPioglitazoneSLC5A2 protein, humanSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsThiazolidinediones

Identifiers

PMID27208375
PMCPMC4839176
OpenAlexW2341643234

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.