Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27444154›Full record

ReviewLipids in health and disease2016

The clinical relevance of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of hypertriglyceridemia.

James Backes, Deborah Anzalone, Daniel Hilleman, Julia Catini

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lipids in health and disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Review
  11. Targeting triglycerides for cardiovascular risk reduction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
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  16. The research progress and potential applications ofThe British journal of nutrition · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
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  20. Article

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

James BackesAtherosclerosis and LDL-Apheresis Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. jbackes@kumc.edu.
Deborah AnzaloneAstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Daniel HillemanCreighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
Julia CatiniAstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA.
AstraZeneca (United States) · USCreighton University · USUniversity of Kansas · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides > 150 mg/dL) affects ~25 % of the United States (US) population and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Severe hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg/dL) is also a risk factor for pancreatitis. Three omega-3 fatty acid (OM3FA) prescription formulations are approved in the US for the treatment of adults with severe hypertriglyceridemia: (1) OM3FA ethyl esters (OM3EE), a mixture of OM3FA ethyl esters, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Lovaza®, Omtryg™, and generics); (2) icosapent ethyl (IPE), EPA ethyl esters (Vascepa®); and (3) omega-3 carboxylic acids (OM3CA), a mixture of OM3FAs in free fatty acid form, primarily EPA, DHA, and docosapentaenoic acid (Epanova®). At approved doses, all formulations substantially reduce triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein levels. DHA-containing formulations may also increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, this is not accompanied by increased non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to provide a better indication of cardiovascular risk in this patient population. Proposed mechanisms of action of OM3FAs include inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase, increased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity, decreased hepatic lipogenesis, and increased hepatic β-oxidation. OM3CA bioavailability (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the last measurable concentration) is up to 4-fold greater than that of OM3FA ethyl esters, and unlike ethyl esters, the absorption of OM3CA is not dependent on pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. All three formulations are well tolerated (the most common adverse events are gastrointestinal) and demonstrate a lack of drug-drug interactions with other lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins and fibrates. OM3FAs appear to be an effective treatment option for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Indexed as

AdultBiological AvailabilityCholesterol, LDLDiacylglycerol O-AcyltransferaseDocosahexaenoic AcidsDrug CombinationsEicosapentaenoic AcidEstersFatty Acids, Omega-3HumansHypertriglyceridemiaHypolipidemic AgentsLipogenesisLipoprotein LipaseLipoproteins, VLDLLiverCholesterol, LDLDiacylglycerol O-AcyltransferaseDocosahexaenoic AcidsDrug CombinationsEicosapentaenoic Acideicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esterEstersFatty Acids, Omega-3Hypolipidemic AgentsLipoprotein LipaseLipoproteins, VLDLOmacorTriglyceridesDocosahexaenoic acidDocosapentaenoic acidEicosapentaenoic acidHypertriglyceridemiaOmega-3 fatty acids

Identifiers

PMID27444154
PMCPMC4957330
OpenAlexW2487890137

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.