Evidence mapPaperPMID 27456066Full record

ReviewDrugs2016

Unmet Needs in LDL-C Lowering: When Statins Won't Do!

Stephan Krähenbühl, Ivana Pavik-Mezzour, Arnold von Eckardstein

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drugs, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
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  11. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Established and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2023
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Stephan KrähenbühlDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. stephan.kraehenbuehl@usb.ch.
Ivana Pavik-MezzourAmgen Switzerland AG, Dammstrasse 21, 6301, Zug, Switzerland.
Arnold von EckardsteinInstitute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering medications has led to a significant reduction of cardiovascular risk in both primary and secondary prevention. Statin therapy, one of the cornerstones for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), has been demonstrated to be effective in lowering LDL-C levels and in reducing the risk for CVD and is generally well-tolerated. However, compliance with statins remains suboptimal. One of the main reasons is limitations by adverse events, notably myopathies, which can lead to non-compliance with the prescribed statin regimen. Reducing the burden of elevated LDL-C levels is critical in patients with CVD as well as in patients with very high baseline levels of LDL-C (e.g. patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia), as statin therapy is insufficient for optimally reducing LDL-C below target values. In this review, we discuss alternative treatment options after maximally tolerated doses of statin therapy, including ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. Difficult-to-treat patients may benefit from combination therapy with ezetimibe or a PCSK9 inhibitor (evolocumab or alirocumab, which are now available). Updates of treatment guidelines are needed to guide the management of patients who will best benefit from these new treatments.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLEzetimibeHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIRisk FactorsSubtilisinCholesterol, LDLEzetimibeHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsSubtilisin

Identifiers

PMID27456066
PMCPMC4974266

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.