ArticleHuman pathology2016
Metastatic ocular melanoma to the liver exhibits infiltrative and nodular growth patterns.
Article in Human pathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sorafenib plus selective internal radiotherapy withBritish journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Functions and clinical implications of the liver microenvironment in hepatic uveal melanoma metastases.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Management of liver metastases from uveal melanoma.The British journal of surgery · 2025Review
- Examination of histopathological growth patterns of liver metastases in a retrospective, consecutive, single-center, cohort study.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2025Article
- Revealing the structural microenvironment of high metastatic risk uveal melanomas following decellularisation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cancer Metastases to the Liver: Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Colonization.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Isolated hyperthermic perfusions for cutaneous melanoma in-transit metastasis of the limb and uveal melanoma metastasis to the liver.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Article
- Multiorgan Involvement of Dormant Uveal Melanoma Micrometastases in Postmortem Tissue From Patients Without Coexisting Macrometastases.American journal of clinical pathology · 2023Article
- Digital morphometry and cluster analysis identifies four types of melanocyte during uveal melanoma progression.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- The Role of Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors on Ocular Diseases: Focusing on Potential Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Vascular Lakes in Uveal Melanoma and Their Association With Outcome.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Animal Models of Uveal Melanoma.Annals of eye science · 2022Article
- Concomitant uveal melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
- Characterizing metastatic uveal melanoma patients who develop symptomatic brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions.Cancers · 2021Review
- Uveal Melanoma Metastasis.Cancers · 2021Review
- Radiological Patterns of Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases in Correlation to Genetic Status.Cancers · 2021Article
- Scientific and clinical implications of genetic and cellular heterogeneity in uveal melanoma.Molecular biomedicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We examined liver specimens from 15 patients with uveal melanoma (UM) who had died of their disseminated disease. We found 2 distinct growth patterns of UM metastasis: infiltrative (n = 12) and nodular (n = 3). In the infiltrative pattern, individual UM cells with a CD133+ cancer stem cell-like phenotype were present and formed aggregates of stage I <50-μm-diameter micrometastases in the sinusoidal spaces. These micrometastases appeared to expand, destroy adjacent hepatocytes, and form stage II 51- to 500-μm-diameter and then stage III >500μm-diameter metastases, which were encapsulated by collagenized fibrous septae. In the nodular growth pattern, CD133+ melanoma cells aggregated adjacent to portal venules and subsequently appeared to grow and efface the adjacent hepatocytes to form stage II 51- to 500-μm-diameter nodules that surrounded the portal venule. These avascular nodules appeared to further expand to form stage III >500-μm-diameter nodules that exhibited vascularization with minimal fibrosis. The tumor stem cell-like phenotype seen in individual UM cells was lost as the tumors progressed. There were CD56+ natural killer cells in sinusoidal spaces and CD3+ lymphocytes in periportal areas. The nodular growth pattern showed UM cells expressing MMP9 and VEGF. UM cells in both above-described growth patterns exhibited variable BAP1 expression. We propose that changes in the liver microenvironment are related to metastatic UM growth. We hypothesize that these changes include immune regulation within the sinusoidal space for the infiltrative pattern and changes in the VEGF/PEDF ratio for the nodular pattern.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.