ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2017
Significance and Reliability of MARD for the Accuracy of CGM Systems.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Perioperative use and accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring: A systematic review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis.Acta diabetologica · 2021Pooled it
- Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring With a Novel Wearable Dial Resonating Sensor: A Clinical Proof-of-Concept Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Trial
- Microneedle-Based Continuous Levodopa Monitoring in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.ACS sensors · 2026Article
- Optimizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption in India: From Current Challenges to Future Solutions.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Simultaneous Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Systems and the Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) Wearable for Patients with Comorbid Diabetes and Migraine: An Interventional Single-Arm Compatibility Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Using Multimodal Near-Infrared, Temperature, and Pressure Signals on the Earlobe.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Calibration and performance of a Raman-based device for non-invasive glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Accuracy of a novel calibratable real-time continuous glucose monitoring device based on FreeStyle libre in- and out-of-hospital.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Prospective Study on Self-Calibrating Continuous Glucose Monitoring Practicality and Accuracy in Noncritically Ill COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring systems in intensive care unit patients: a scoping review.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring system applied before, during, and after an intense leg-squat session with low- and high-carbohydrate availability in young adults without diabetes.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Biocompatible Core-Shell Microneedle Sensor Filled with Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogel for Rapid Continuous Transdermal Monitoring.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring in neonates: challenges and opportunities.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Continuous Glucose Deviation Interval and Variability Analysis (CG-DIVA): A Novel Approach for the Statistical Accuracy Assessment of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- Head-to-Head Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Why are They not Used More Systematically?Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- Noninvasive Glucose Measurements Through Transcutaneous Raman Spectroscopy: A Review.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Review
- High-accuracy noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring using OCT angiography-purified blood scattering signals in human skin.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Digital Health and Machine Learning Technologies for Blood Glucose Monitoring and Management of Gestational Diabetes.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Evaluating the precision and reliability of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems in ambulatory settings: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a need to assess the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems for several uses. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) is the measure of choice for this. Unfortunately, it is frequently overlooked that MARD values computed with data acquired during clinical studies do not reflect the accuracy of the CGM system only, but are strongly influenced by the design of the study. Thus, published MARD values must be understood not as precise values but as indications with some uncertainty. DATA AND
methodsData from a recent clinical trial, Monte Carlo simulations, and assumptions about the error distribution of the reference measurements have been used to determine the confidence region of MARD as a function of the number and the accuracy of the reference measurements.
resultsThe uncertainty of the computed MARD values can be quantified by a newly introduced MARD reliability index (MRI), which independently mirrors the reliability of the evaluation. Thus MARD conveys information on the accuracy of the CGM system, while MRI conveys information on the uncertainty of the computed MARD values.
conclusionsMARD values from clinical studies should not be used blindly but the reliability of the evaluation should be considered as well. Furthermore, it should not be ignored that MARD does not take into account the key feature of CGM sensors, the frequency of the measurements. Additional metrics, such as precision absolute relative difference (PARD) should be used as well to obtain a better evaluation of the CGM performance for specific uses, for example, for artificial pancreas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.