ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2016
An empirical study of race times in recreational endurance runners.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effects of plyometric versus resistance training on running economy and 5-km running time in middle-aged recreational runners.European journal of sport science · 2024Trial
- Training Volume and Training Frequency Changes Associated with Boston Marathon Race Performance.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Performance prediction equation for the Valencia Marathon based on time and pacing in the half marathon.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Habits Related to Strength Training of Brazilian Recreational Runners.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Annual Physical Training Plan for Masters +45 Women Half Marathon Athletes: A Guideline Model for Good Practices for Programming Effort Volume and Intensity.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impacts of Wearable Resistance Placement on Running Efficiency Assessed by Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Quantitative Analysis of 92 12-Week Sub-elite Marathon Training Plans.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Modelling human endurance: power laws vs critical power.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Valid and accurate simple equation to predict 3,000-m steeplechase performance.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Win Your Race Goal: A Generalized Approach to Prediction of Running Performance.Sports medicine international open · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex Difference in Running Stability Analyzed Based on a Whole-Body Movement: A Pilot Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Running Pace Percentile Values for Brazilian Non-Professional Road Runners.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Discriminant Analysis of Anthropometric and Training Variables among Runners of Different Competitive Levels.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Running Performance Variability among Runners from Different Brazilian States: A Multilevel Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Expanding the Gap: An Updated Look Into Sex Differences in Running Performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Peak Running Velocity or Critical Speed Under Field Conditions: Which Best Predicts 5-km Running Performance in Recreational Runners?Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Are Individual and Environmental Characteristics Associated With Running Performance in Female Runners of Different Age Categories?Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Health and Wellness Status Perception of Half-Marathon Runners: Influence of Age, Sex, Injury, and Training with Qualified Staff.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Devising a Pace-Based Definition for "The Wall": An Observational Analysis of Marathoners' Subjective Experiences of Fatigue.Journal of athletic training · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies of endurance running have typically involved elite athletes, small sample sizes and measures that require special expertise or equipment.
methodsWe examined factors associated with race performance and explored methods for race time prediction using information routinely available to a recreational runner. An Internet survey was used to collect data from recreational endurance runners (N = 2303). The cohort was split 2:1 into a training set and validation set to create models to predict race time.
resultsSex, age, BMI and race training were associated with mean race velocity for all race distances. The difference in velocity between males and females decreased with increasing distance. Tempo runs were more strongly associated with velocity for shorter distances, while typical weekly training mileage and interval training had similar associations with velocity for all race distances. The commonly used Riegel formula for race time prediction was well-calibrated for races up to a half-marathon, but dramatically underestimated marathon time, giving times at least 10 min too fast for half of runners. We built two models to predict marathon time. The mean squared error for Riegel was 381 compared to 228 (model based on one prior race) and 208 (model based on two prior races).
conclusionsOur findings can be used to inform race training and to provide more accurate race time predictions for better pacing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.