Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27739167›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of clinical practice2016

Very low LDL-C levels may safely provide additional clinical cardiovascular benefit: the evidence to date.

Terry McCormack, Ricardo Dent, Mark Blagden

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of clinical practice, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Low LDL-C: Is It all Good News?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. A critical review of chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for coronary artery disease.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2021
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. 2022 Saudi Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia.Heart views : the official journal of the Gulf Heart Association
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Terry McCormackHull York Medical School, Whitby Group Practice, Spring Vale Medical Centre, Whitby, UK.
Ricardo DentAmgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland.
Mark BlagdenAshgate Medical Practice, Chesterfield, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Europe and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major contributor to CVD risk. Extensive evidence from clinical studies of statins has demonstrated a linear relationship between LDL-C levels and CVD risk. It has been proposed that lower LDL-C levels than those currently recommended may provide additional clinical benefit to patients.

aimThis review summarises the genetic and clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of achieving very low LDL-C levels.

methodsRelevant epidemiological and clinical studies were identified using PubMed and by searching abstracts published at major congresses.

resultsGenetic evidence demonstrates that individuals with naturally very low LDL-C levels are healthy and have a low risk of CVD. Clinical evidence has shown that those patients who achieve very low LDL-C levels through using lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs), such as statins, have reduced CVD risk compared with patients who only just achieve recommended target LDL-C levels. These data show that the incidence of adverse events in patients achieving very low LDL-C levels using LLT is comparable to those reaching the recommended LDL-C targets.

conclusionsGenetic and clinical evidence supports the concept that reduction in LDL-C levels below current recommended targets may provide additional clinical benefit to patients without adversely impacting patient safety. Statin add-on therapies, such as ezetimibe and the recently approved proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors alirocumab and evolocumab, allow patients to achieve very low LDL-C levels and are likely to impact on future treatment paradigms.

Indexed as

Antibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAnticholesteremic AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypercholesterolemiaPCSK9 InhibitorsProprotein Convertase 9Risk FactorsalirocumabAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAnticholesteremic AgentsCholesterol, LDLevolocumabHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsPCSK9 InhibitorsPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9

Identifiers

PMID27739167
PMCPMC5215677

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.