Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27784848›Full record

Observational studyJournal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis2017

Is High Serum LDL/HDL Cholesterol Ratio an Emerging Risk Factor for Sudden Cardiac Death? Findings from the KIHD Study.

Setor K Kunutsor, Francesco Zaccardi, Jouni Karppi, Sudhir Kurl, Jari A Laukkanen

Open access · diamondAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Setor K KunutsorSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital.
Francesco ZaccardiDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester.
Jouni KarppiInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland.
Sudhir KurlInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland.
Jari A LaukkanenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland.
University of Eastern Finland · FICentral Finland Health Care District · FISouthmead Hospital · GBUniversity of Leicester · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), which are components of total cholesterol, have each been suggested to be linked to the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the relationship between LDL-c/HDL-c ratio and the risk of SCD has not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the associations of LDL-c, HDL-c, and the ratio of LDL-c/HDL-c with the risk of SCD.

methodsSerum lipoprotein concentrations were assessed at baseline in the Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study of 2,616 men aged 42-61 years at recruitment. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were assessed.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 23.0 years, a total of 228 SCDs occurred. There was no significant evidence of an association of LDL-c or HDL-c with the risk of SCD. In analyses adjusted for age, examination year, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, years of education, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, family history of coronary heart disease, and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, there was approximately a two-fold increase in the risk of SCD (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21-3.11; p=0.006), comparing the top (＞4.22) versus bottom (≤2.30) quintile of serum LDL-c/HDL-c ratio.

conclusionIn this middle-aged male population, LDL-c or HDL-c was not associated with the risk of SCD. However, a high serum LDL-c/HDL-c ratio was found to be independently associated with an increased risk of SCD. Further research is warranted to understand the mechanistic pathways underlying this association.

Indexed as

Death, Sudden, CardiacAdultBody Mass IndexCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLCoronary DiseaseC-Reactive ProteinFollow-Up StudiesHumansLipoproteinsMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial IschemiaProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLC-Reactive ProteinLipoproteinsHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolSudden cardiac death

Identifiers

PMID27784848
PMCPMC5453685
OpenAlexW2533010365

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.