SynthesisDiabetologia2017
Nonlinear association of BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 414,587 participants in prospective studies.
Synthesis in Diabetologia, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis Studies.Current cardiology reports · 2020Pooled it
- Causal relationship between obesity and diabetic neuropathy: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal body mass index exposure-based threshold to prevent mortality for populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The fat-heart entanglement and the role of 'osteopontin mechanics' in cardiometabolic senescence.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Pulse pressure and cardiometabolic disease progression: associations with incident multimorbidity and mortality in UK biobank.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap in obesity research: A consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical Investigation.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Improved prediction and risk stratification of major adverse cardiovascular events using an explainable machine learning approach combining plasma biomarkers and traditional risk factors.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- The association between derived TyG index and the risk of heart failure in the elderly population: a prospective cohort study from 2017 to 2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The combined impact of BMI and ABSI on all-cause mortality among American adults with diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes: the role of incretin mimetics and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Improving T2D machine learning-based prediction accuracy with SNPs and younger age.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Elevated Waist-to-Height Ratio Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Populations.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Living well with diabetes in Alaska.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
- Association Between Osteoporosis and Adiposity Index Reveals Nonlinearity Among Postmenopausal Women and Linearity Among Men Aged over 50 Years.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Conventional and genetic associations of BMI with major vascular and non-vascular disease incidence and mortality in a relatively lean Chinese population: U-shaped relationship revisited.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Association between METS-IR and heart failure: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex-Specific Elevated Fasting Glucose in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of diabetes and treatment · 2024Article
- Analysis of the risk of death and its associated risk factors in Chinese patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Exploratory Approach to Incorporating Carbon Footprint in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Modelling: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Health Interventions in the United Kingdom.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe relationship between BMI and mortality has been extensively investigated in the general population; however, it is less clear in people with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the association of BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
methodsWe searched electronic databases up to 1 March 2016 for prospective studies reporting associations for three or more BMI groups with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study-specific associations between BMI and the most-adjusted RR were estimated using restricted cubic splines and a generalised least squares method before pooling study estimates with a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsWe included 21 studies including 24 cohorts, 414,587 participants, 61,889 all-cause and 4470 cardiovascular incident deaths; follow-up ranged from 2.7 to 15.9 years. There was a strong nonlinear relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in both men and women, with the lowest estimated risk from 31-35 kg/m CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn type 2 diabetes, BMI is nonlinearly associated with all-cause mortality with lowest risk in the overweight group in both men and women. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship with cardiovascular mortality and assess causality and sex differences.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.