SynthesisMedicine2016

Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Wei Xiong, Ming Yue Xiao, Mei Zhang, Fei Chang

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medicine, 2016. The graph read 4 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it supports the treatment in 2. Cited by 19 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

4numbers the graph read from it
2cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-3.000 · no effect
Body weightcanagliflozin 100 mg vs placebofavours the treatment · t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -2.23<0.001
At week 26, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg significantly reduced the body weight from baseline when compared with that of placebo, with a WMD of -2.23 and -3.00 in percent changes (P < 0.001 for both).
Body weightcanagliflozin 300 mg vs placebofavours the treatment · t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -3.00<0.001
At week 26, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg significantly reduced the body weight from baseline when compared with that of placebo, with a WMD of -2.23 and -3.00 in percent changes (P < 0.001 for both).
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)canagliflozin 100 mg vs placebofavours the treatment · t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.63-0.77 to -0.49
Placebo-subtracted WMDs (%) of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were -0.63 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.49) and -0.80 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.62) for canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg, respectively, from baseline to week 26.
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)canagliflozin 300 mg vs placebofavours the treatment · t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -0.80-0.98 to -0.62
Placebo-subtracted WMDs (%) of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were -0.63 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.49) and -0.80 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.62) for canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg, respectively, from baseline to week 26.

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

SGLT2 inhibitors×body weight & composition

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 62 favour the treatment, 9 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.98established · 50 families support, 1 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT010326294,330 enrolled · 2009
Δ -2.96-3.47 to -2.45
NCT010956661,484 enrolled · 2010
Δ -1.10-1.65 to -0.56
NCT009688121,452 enrolled · 2009
Δ -5.20-5.70 to -4.70
NCT017190031,413 enrolled · 2012
Adjusted mean -2.50-3.33 to -1.68
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -2.40-3.00 to -1.80
NCT016060071,282 enrolled · 2012
Δ -2.05-2.73 to -1.37
NCT006732311,240 enrolled · 2008
Δ -1.00-1.50 to -0.49
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -1.85-2.48 to -1.22
NCT006609071,217 enrolled · 2008
Δ -4.65-5.14 to -4.17
NCT018093271,186 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.90-1.60 to -0.20
NCT010956531,179 enrolled · 2010
Δ -1.37-2.01 to -0.73
NCT008598981,093 enrolled · 2009
Δ -1.97-2.64 to -1.30

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

SGLT2 inhibitors×glycemic control

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

40 readable studies in this cell: 81 favour the treatment, 11 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.92replicated · 70 families support, 6 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT010326294,330 enrolled · 2009
Δ 2.79-1.57 to 7.15
NCT011374742,996 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.46-0.59 to -0.33
NCT011956622,245 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.61-0.76 to -0.46
NCT010956661,484 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.59-0.76 to -0.42
NCT009688121,452 enrolled · 2009
Δ -0.01-0.11 to 0.09
NCT017190031,413 enrolled · 2012
Adjusted mean -0.33-0.56 to -0.10
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ -0.62-0.76 to -0.48
NCT016060071,282 enrolled · 2012
Δ -0.59-0.81 to -0.37
NCT006732311,240 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.45-0.59 to -0.31
NCT020991101,233 enrolled · 2014
Δ -0.43-0.60 to -0.27
NCT006609071,217 enrolled · 2008
Δ 0.00-0.11 to 0.11
NCT018093271,186 enrolled · 2013
Δ -0.46-0.66 to -0.27

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Review
  8. Phenolics Extracted fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  9. Defining the Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Primary Care: Time to Think Differently.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2022
    Review
  10. SGLT1/2 as the potential biomarkers of renal damage under ApoeFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022
    Article
  11. Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Consensus Statement.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020
    Review
  14. Evidence-Based Consensus on Positioning of SGLT2i in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indians.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Canagliflozin review - safety and efficacy profile in patients with T2DM.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2019
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Cardiovascular effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2018
    Review
  19. Review
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Wei XiongDepartment of Neurology, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.
Ming Yue Xiao
Mei Zhang
Fei Chang

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundCanagliflozin is a new SGLT2 inhibitor which has been approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus in more than 30 countries. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with T2D, we carried out a meta-analysis of phase III clinical trials to offer an additional evidence of the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin for evidence-based clinical practice, strictly restricting the treatment durations to 26 weeks (core period) and 52 weeks (extension period).

methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English were searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database (before April 2016). The studies reporting the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with T2DM were considered. Two authors separately performed data extraction. The differences were discussed and resolved. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) or relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by using either fixed- or random-effects models.

resultsAt the end of the selection process, 7 RCTs were collected and included in the present analysis. Placebo-subtracted WMDs (%) of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were -0.63 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.49) and -0.80 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.62) for canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg, respectively, from baseline to week 26. At week 26, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg significantly reduced the body weight from baseline when compared with that of placebo, with a WMD of -2.23 and -3.00 in percent changes (P < 0.001 for both). The fasting and postmeal glucose, blood pressure (BP), and triglycerides were also reduced. These reductions were sustained over 52 weeks but had no significant differences between the 100 and 300 mg doses. The overall safety of canagliflozin was good, with the exception of high incidence of genital mycotic infections and osmotic diuresis-related adverse events.

conclusionCanagliflozin was found to reduce HbA1c, fasting and postmeal glucose, body weight, BP, and triglycerides, and it was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM.

Indexed as

CanagliflozinClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHypoglycemic AgentsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCanagliflozinHypoglycemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID27902600
PMCPMC5134817

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.