Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27979037›Full record

ArticleAmerican heart journal2017

Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure: Findings from the Cohort of Swedish Men.

Daniel A Steinhaus, Elizabeth Mostofsky, Emily B Levitan, Kirsten S Dorans, Niclas Håkansson, Alicja Wolk, Murray A Mittleman

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American heart journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Chocolate, "Food of the Gods": History, Science, and Human Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Review
  8. Yonder: Fibromyalgia, dentists, cancer survivorship, and chocolate.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017
    Article
  9. Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function.Frontiers in nutrition · 2017
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Daniel A SteinhausCardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA.
Elizabeth MostofskyCardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA.
Emily B LevitanDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL.
Kirsten S DoransCardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA.
Niclas HåkanssonInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alicja WolkInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Murray A MittlemanCardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA. Electronic address: mmittlem@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USHarvard University · USKarolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Harvard Clinical and Translational Science CenterKL2TR001100 · NCATS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI NADLER, LEE MARSHALL · 2013 to 2017
$8.5M
Training Program in the Epidemiology of CVDT32HL007575 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI BURING, JULIE E., RIDKER, PAUL M. · 1985 to 2019
$5.0M
Bereavement and Cardiovascular Events: A Nationwide Prospective Study in SwedenF32HL120505 · NHLBI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI MOSTOFSKY, ELIZABETH · 2013 to 2013
$54k
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001100NHLBI NIH HHS F32 HL120505NHLBI NIH HHS L30 HL115623NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007575
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of chocolate consumption and heart failure (HF) in a large population of Swedish men.

methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 31,917 men 45-79 years old with no history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, or HF at baseline who were participants in the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men study. Chocolate consumption was assessed through a self-administrated food frequency questionnaire. Participants were followed for HF hospitalization or mortality from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011, using record linkage to the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registries.

resultsDuring 14 years of follow-up, 2,157 men were hospitalized (n=1,901) or died from incident HF (n=256). Compared with subjects who reported no chocolate intake, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratio of HF was 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-0.99) for those consuming 1-3 servings per month, 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.94) for those consuming 1-2 servings per week, 0.82 (95% CI 0.68-0.99) for those consuming 3-6 servings per week, and 1.10 (95% CI 0.84-1.45) for those consuming ≥1 serving per day (P for quadratic trend=.001).

conclusionsIn this large prospective cohort study, there was a J-shaped relationship between chocolate consumption and HF incidence. Moderate chocolate consumption was associated with a lower rate of HF hospitalization or death, but the protective association was not observed among individuals consuming ≥1 serving per day. Journal Subject Codes: Etiology: Epidemiology, Heart failure: Congestive.

Indexed as

ChocolateAgedHeart FailureHospitalizationHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisProspective StudiesRiskSweden

Identifiers

PMID27979037
PMCPMC5172457
OpenAlexW2527776372

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.