ReviewJournal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews2017
Review of Ginkgo biloba-induced toxicity, from experimental studies to human case reports.
Review in Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of 11 oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Natural herbal extract roles and mechanisms in treating cerebral ischemia: A systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The Search for Drugs Derived from Natural Products forCurrent topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Role of Ginkgo biloba extract as an adjunctive treatment of elderly patients with depression and on the expression of serum S100B.Medicine · 2018Trial
- Review
- The active ingredient of Ginkgo biloba extract (quercetin) improved HIn vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- Role of oxeiptosis in disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Potential anticancer effects and toxicity of flavones luteolin and apigeninJournal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis · 2025Review
- LC-MS based strategy for chemical profiling and quantification of dispensing granules ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- From traditional medicine to nanomedicine: potential ofRSC medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation.The EPMA journal · 2024Article
- Critical analysis of ginkgo preparations: comparison of approved drugs and dietary supplements marketed in Germany.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Ethical considerations in the regulation and use of herbal medicines in the European Union.Frontiers in medical technology · 2024Review
- Article
- Safety profile of herbal medicines submitted for marketing authorization in Tanzania: a cross-sectional retrospective study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Review
- The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Isolation of the Main Biologically Active Substances and Phytochemical Analysis ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Flavonoid glycoside fraction ofAIMS neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba seeds and leaves have been used as a traditional herbal remedy for thousands of years, and its leaf extract has been consumed as a botanical dietary supplement for decades. Ginkgo biloba extract is a complex mixture with numerous components, including flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones, and is one of the most widely sold botanical dietary supplements worldwide. Concerns about potential health risks for the general population have been raised because of the widespread human exposure to Ginkgo biloba and its potential toxic and carcinogenic activities in rodents. The National Toxicology Program conducted 2-year gavage studies on one Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and concluded that there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of this extract in mice based on an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. Recently, Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This review presents updated information on the toxicological effects from experimental studies both in vitro and in vivo to human case reports (caused by ginkgo seeds or leaves), and also summarizes the negative results from relatively large clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.