Evidence mapPaperPMID 28166253Full record

Trial reportPloS one2017

Effects of a very high saturated fat diet on LDL particles in adults with atherogenic dyslipidemia: A randomized controlled trial.

Sally Chiu, Paul T Williams, Ronald M Krauss

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00895141 nacompletednot on this map

Changes in LDL and HDL With Increased Intake of Saturated Fat From Dairy Foods in Individuals With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and LDL Subclass Pattern B

TypeinterventionalSponsorUCSF Benioff Children's Hospital OaklandRan2009 to 2011Enrolled53ConditionsDyslipidemiaArmsSaturated Fat Diet
NCT04894318 nacompletednot on this map

The Short Term Beneficıal Effects Of A Low-Fat And Low-Cholesterol Dietary Intervention On LDL Sub-Groups In Dyslipidemic Turkish Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorTC Erciyes UniversityRan2017 to 2019Enrolled47ConditionsDyslipidemiasArmsLow-fat and low-cholesterol diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Article
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  12. Review
  13. The dominant driver paradigm of cardiometabolic care.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Dietary Management of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Saturated fat in an evolutionary context.Lipids in health and disease · 2025
    Review

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sally ChiuChildren's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America.
Paul T WilliamsChildren's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America.
Ronald M KraussChildren's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-3489

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have shown that increases in LDL-cholesterol resulting from substitution of dietary saturated fat for carbohydrate or unsaturated fat are due primarily to increases in large cholesterol-enriched LDL, with minimal changes in small, dense LDL particles and apolipoprotein B. However, individuals can differ by their LDL particle distribution, and it is possible that this may influence LDL subclass response.

objectiveThe objective of this study was to test whether the reported effects of saturated fat apply to individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia as characterized by a preponderance of small LDL particles (LDL phenotype B).

methodsFifty-three phenotype B men and postmenopausal women consumed a baseline diet (55%E carbohydrate, 15%E protein, 30%E fat, 8%E saturated fat) for 3 weeks, after which they were randomized to either a moderate carbohydrate, very high saturated fat diet (HSF; 39%E carbohydrate, 25%E protein, 36%E fat, 18%E saturated fat) or low saturated fat diet (LSF; 37%E carbohydrate, 25%E protein, 37%E fat, 9%E saturated fat) for 3 weeks.

resultsCompared to the LSF diet, consumption of the HSF diet resulted in significantly greater increases from baseline (% change; 95% CI) in plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B (HSF vs. LSF: 9.5; 3.6 to 15.7 vs. -6.8; -11.7 to -1.76; p = 0.0003) and medium (8.8; -1.3 to 20.0 vs. -7.3; -15.7 to 2.0; p = 0.03), small (6.1; -10.3 to 25.6 vs. -20.8; -32.8 to -6.7; p = 0.02), and total LDL (3.6; -3.2 to 11.0 vs. -7.9; -13.9 to -1.5; p = 0.03) particles, with no differences in change of large and very small LDL concentrations. As expected, total-cholesterol (11.0; 6.5 to 15.7 vs. -5.7; -9.4 to -1.8; p<0.0001) and LDL-cholesterol (16.7; 7.9 to 26.2 vs. -8.7; -15.4 to -1.4; p = 0.0001) also increased with increased saturated fat intake.

conclusionsBecause medium and small LDL particles are more highly associated with cardiovascular disease than are larger LDL, the present results suggest that very high saturated fat intake may increase cardiovascular disease risk in phenotype B individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00895141).

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT00895141.

Indexed as

DietAdultAtherosclerosisBiomarkersCholesterol, LDLDietary FatsDyslipidemiasEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansLipidsLipoproteinsMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersCholesterol, LDLDietary FatsLipidsLipoproteins

Identifiers

PMID28166253
PMCPMC5293238
OpenAlexW2586301549

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.