Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28197931›Full record

Trial reportClinical pharmacokinetics2017

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Subjects.

Patrick C Dolder, Yasmin Schmid, Andrea E Steuer, Thomas Kraemer, Katharina M Rentsch, Felix Hammann, Matthias E Liechti

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
10.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01878942 early_phase1completednot on this map

Psychological, Physiological, Endocrine, and Pharmacokinetic Effects of LSD in a Controlled Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital, Basel, SwitzerlandRan2013 to 2014Enrolled16ConditionsHealthyArmsPlacebo, LSD
NCT02308969 early_phase1completednot on this map

Neuronal Correlates of Altered States of Consciousness

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital, Basel, SwitzerlandRan2014 to 2015Enrolled24ConditionsHealthyArmsLSD, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Acute effects of MDMA and LSD co-administration in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023
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  15. Acute dose-dependent effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021
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  18. Trip killers: Addressing a critical knowledge gap in psychedelic research.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Patrick C DolderDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Yasmin SchmidDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Andrea E SteuerDepartment of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Thomas KraemerDepartment of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Katharina M RentschLaboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Felix HammannDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Matthias E LiechtiDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. matthias.liechti@usb.ch.
University Hospital of Basel · CHUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 320030_170249
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used recreationally and in clinical research. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationship of oral LSD.

methodsWe analyzed pharmacokinetic data from two published placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over studies using oral administration of LSD 100 and 200 µg in 24 and 16 subjects, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of the 100-µg dose is shown for the first time and data for the 200-µg dose were reanalyzed and included. Plasma concentrations of LSD, subjective effects, and vital signs were repeatedly assessed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using compartmental modeling. Concentration-effect relationships were described using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling.

resultsGeometric mean (95% confidence interval) maximum plasma concentration values of 1.3 (1.2-1.9) and 3.1 (2.6-4.0) ng/mL were reached 1.4 and 1.5 h after administration of 100 and 200 µg LSD, respectively. The plasma half-life was 2.6 h (2.2-3.4 h). The subjective effects lasted (mean ± standard deviation) 8.2 ± 2.1 and 11.6 ± 1.7 h for the 100- and 200-µg LSD doses, respectively. Subjective peak effects were reached 2.8 and 2.5 h after administration of LSD 100 and 200 µg, respectively. A close relationship was observed between the LSD concentration and subjective response within subjects, with moderate counterclockwise hysteresis. Half-maximal effective concentration values were in the range of 1 ng/mL. No correlations were found between plasma LSD concentrations and the effects of LSD across subjects at or near maximum plasma concentration and within dose groups.

conclusionsThe present pharmacokinetic data are important for the evaluation of clinical study findings (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging studies) and the interpretation of LSD intoxication. Oral LSD presented dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and first-order elimination up to 12 h. The effects of LSD were related to changes in plasma concentrations over time, with no evidence of acute tolerance.

trial registrationNCT02308969, NCT01878942.

Indexed as

Administration, OralAdultAffectBlood PressureCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHalf-LifeHallucinogensHealthy VolunteersHeart RateHumansLysergic Acid DiethylamideMaleMiddle AgedHallucinogensLysergic Acid DiethylamideAutonomic EffectDrug EffectLysergic Acid DiethylamidePsilocybinSubjective Effect

Identifiers

PMID28197931
PMCPMC5591798
OpenAlexW2589071607

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.