ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2017
Mental retirement and health selection: Analyses from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensor-measured sedentariness and physical activity are differentially related to fluid and crystallized abilities in aging.Psychology and aging · 2020Trial
- Timing of retirement and cognitive decline among older black adults: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Different types of working after retirement on the changes in cognitive function among taiwanese retirees: 3-year follow-up study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cumulative Effect of Retirement on Mortality.Demography · 2025Article
- Age and cognitive skills: Use it or lose it.Science advances · 2025Article
- Characterization of Change in Cognition Before and After COVID-19 Infection in Essential Workers at Midlife.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Factors Affecting Resilience and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Annals of neurology · 2024Review
- Cognitive Decline After Divorce and Widowhood: Is Marital Loss Always a Loss?Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COVID-19 RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE: RESULTS FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Social participation and risk of developing dementia.Nature aging · 2023Review
- A Parsimonious Taxonomy of The Newly Retired: Spousal and Disability Combinations Shape Part or Complete Retirement.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- When I'm 64: Age-Related Variability in Over 40,000 Online Cognitive Test Takers.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Does postponing retirement affect cognitive function? A counterfactual experiment to disentangle life course risk factors.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Cumulative employment intensity and complexity across the life course and cognitive function in later life among European women and men.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Health consequences of retirement due to non-health reasons or poor health.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Cross-national Differences in the Association Between Retirement and Memory Decline.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Cognitively stimulating activities and risk of probable dementia or cognitive impairment in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Review
- Applying Causal Inference Methods in Psychiatric Epidemiology: A Review.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch has recently suggested that retirement may decrease cognitive engagement, resulting in cognitive aging. Few studies have systematically documented whether or how selectivity into retirement shapes the relationship between retirement and cognitive aging.
methodsWe draw on data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2012) to examine the relationship between cognition and retirement for 18,575 labor force participants. Longitudinal regression discontinuity modeling was used to examine performance and decline in episodic memory. Models differentiated three forms of selection bias: indirect and direct selection as well as reverse causation. To further interrogate the disuse hypothesis, we adjust for confounding from health and socioeconomic sources.
resultsResults revealed that individuals who retired over the course of the panel were substantially different in terms of health, wealth and cognition when compared to those who remained employed. However, accounting for observed selection biases, significant associations were found linking longer retirement with more rapid cognitive decline. DISCUSSION: This study examined respondents who were in the labor force at baseline and transitioned into retirement. Analyses suggested that those who retired over the course of the panel had worse overall functioning, but also experienced more rapid declines after retirement that increased the rate of aging by two-fold, resulting in yearly losses of 3.7% (95% CI = [3.5, 4.0]) of one standard deviation in functioning attributable to retirement. Results are supportive of the view that retirement is associated with more rapid cognitive aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.