ArticleOncotarget2017
Targeting growth hormone receptor in human melanoma cells attenuates tumor progression and epithelial mesenchymal transition via suppression of multiple oncogenic pathways.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Cytokine Network Dynamics and Prognostic Signatures in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone, Not Simply Just a Hormone for Growth.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Targeting Growth Hormone Receptor to Overcome Therapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Growth hormone receptor antagonists, GHA2 and GHA3, with dual activity against the human and mouse receptor.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Growth Hormone Signaling in Bladder Cancer: Transcriptomic Profiling of Patient Samples and In Vitro Evidence of Therapy Resistance via ABC Transporters and EMT Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Synthesis of fluorinated tubastatin A derivatives with bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic cap groups: molecular docking with HDAC6 and evaluation ofRSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-pituitary growth hormone enables colon cell senescence evasion.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Upregulates Melanoma Drug Resistance and Migration via Melanoma-Derived Exosomes.Cancers · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Markedly Improves Gemcitabine Response in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pharmacophore-based virtual screening of ZINC database, molecular modeling and designing new derivatives as potential HDAC6 inhibitors.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- Non-pituitary GH regulation of the tissue microenvironment.Endocrine-related cancer · 2023Article
- The 14-Kilodalton Human Growth Hormone Fragment a Potent Inhibitor of Angiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Identification of growth hormone receptor as a relevant target for precision medicine in low-EGFR expressing glioblastoma.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Small molecules to regulate the GH/IGF1 axis by inhibiting the growth hormone receptor synthesis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- HDAC6 inhibitor WT161 performs anti-tumor effect on osteosarcoma and synergistically interacts with 5-FU.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Significant down-regulation of growth hormone receptor expression revealed as a new unfavorable prognostic factor in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2021Article
- Growth Hormone Upregulates Mediators of Melanoma Drug Efflux and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition In Vitro and In Vivo.Cancers · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent reports have confirmed highest levels of growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) transcripts in melanoma, one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer. Yet the mechanism of GH action in melanoma remains mostly unknown. Here, using human malignant melanoma cells, we examined the effects of GH excess or siRNA mediated GHR knock-down (GHRKD) on tumor proliferation, migration and invasion. GH promoted melanoma progression while GHRKD attenuated the same. Western blot analysis revealed drastic modulation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways (JAK2, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, AKT, mTOR, SRC and ERK1/2) following addition of GH or GHRKD. Further, we show that GH excess upregulates expression of markers of epithelial mesenchymal transition in human melanoma, while the effects were reversed by GHRKD. Interestingly, we observed consistent expression of GH transcript in the melanoma cells as well as marked modulation of the IGF receptors and binding proteins (IGF1R, IGF2R, IR, IGFBP2, IGFBP3) and the oncogenic HGF-MET mRNA, in response to excess GH or GHRKD. Our study thus identifies the mechanistic model of GH-GHR action in human melanoma and validates it as an important pharmacological target of intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.