Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28279190›Full record

ArticleGenome medicine2017

Imiquimod has strain-dependent effects in mice and does not uniquely model human psoriasis.

William R Swindell, Kellie A Michaels, Andrew J Sutter, Doina Diaconu, Yi Fritz, Xianying Xing, Mrinal K Sarkar, Yun Liang, Alex Tsoi, Johann E Gudjonsson and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Dissecting the role of imiquimod and isostearic acid in Aldara-induced psoriasis mouse model.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Stress-Induced Activation of Prolactin-NR4A1-Midkine Axis Exacerbates Skin Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. CCR7Nature communications · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

William R SwindellOhio University, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701-2979, USA. ws277814@ohio.edu.
Kellie A MichaelsDepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Andrew J SutterDepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Doina DiaconuDepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Yi FritzDepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Xianying XingDepartment of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
Mrinal K SarkarDepartment of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
Yun LiangDepartment of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
Alex TsoiDepartment of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
Johann E GudjonssonDepartment of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
Nicole L WardDepartment of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Case Western Reserve University · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USOhio University · US

Funding

Vitamin D endocrine system and Protection Against Skin TumorlgenesisP30AR039750 · NIAMS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI WARD, NICOLE LEANNE · 1988 to 2015
$9.1M
Systems Biology CoreP50AR055508 · NIAMS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI COOPER, KEVIN D · 2007 to 2011
$6.8M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN CELL AND MOLECULAR DERMATOLOGYT32AR007197 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI JAMES TILFORD ELDER, Sunny Y Wong · 1986 to 2026
$4.2M
Role of IL-13 and the IL-13 Associated rs20541 Risk Variant in the Pathogenesis of PsoriasisR01AR069071 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GUDJONSSON, JOHANN ELI · 2015 to 2019
$2.1M
IL-17C mediated mechanisms of inflammationR01AR062546 · NIAMS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI WARD, NICOLE LEANNE · 2013 to 2017
$1.9M
Remote Inflammation and AtherothrombosisR01AR063437 · NIAMS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI WARD, NICOLE LEANNE · 2012 to 2016
$1.7M
Role of the Psoriasis Associated IL23R Risk Variants on Th17 Biology and FunctionK08AR060802 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GUDJONSSON, JOHANN ELI · 2011 to 2015
$636k
Neurogenic inflammation and psoriasiform dermatitisR21AR063852 · NIAMS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI WARD, NICOLE LEANNE · 2013 to 2014
$370k
NIAMS NIH HHS K08 AR060802NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR039750NIAMS NIH HHS P50 AR055508NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR062546NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR063437NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR069071NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR063852
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImiquimod (IMQ) produces a cutaneous phenotype in mice frequently studied as an acute model of human psoriasis. Whether this phenotype depends on strain or sex has never been systematically investigated on a large scale. Such effects, however, could lead to conflicts among studies, while further impacting study outcomes and efforts to translate research findings.

methodsRNA-seq was used to evaluate the psoriasiform phenotype elicited by 6 days of Aldara (5% IMQ) treatment in both sexes of seven mouse strains (C57BL/6 J (B6), BALB/cJ, CD1, DBA/1 J, FVB/NJ, 129X1/SvJ, and MOLF/EiJ).

resultsIn most strains, IMQ altered gene expression in a manner consistent with human psoriasis, partly due to innate immune activation and decreased homeostatic gene expression. The response of MOLF males was aberrant, however, with decreased expression of differentiation-associated genes (elevated in other strains). Key aspects of the IMQ response differed between the two most commonly studied strains (BALB/c and B6). Compared with BALB/c, the B6 phenotype showed increased expression of genes associated with DNA replication, IL-17A stimulation, and activated CD8+ T cells, but decreased expression of genes associated with interferon signaling and CD4+ T cells. Although IMQ-induced expression shifts mirrored psoriasis, responses in BALB/c, 129/SvJ, DBA, and MOLF mice were more consistent with other human skin conditions (e.g., wounds or infections). IMQ responses in B6 mice were most consistent with human psoriasis and best replicated expression patterns specific to psoriasis lesions.

conclusionsThese findings demonstrate strain-dependent aspects of IMQ dermatitis in mice. We have shown that IMQ does not uniquely model psoriasis but in fact triggers a core set of pathways active in diverse skin diseases. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that B6 mice provide a better background than other strains for modeling psoriasis disease mechanisms.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalGene Expression RegulationMice, Inbred StrainsAminoquinolinesAnimalsFemaleHumansImiquimodInterleukin-17MaleMicePsoriasisSequence Analysis, RNASex FactorsSkinSpecies SpecificityAminoquinolinesImiquimodInterleukin-17AldaraDifferentiationEpidermisIL-17AInterferonKeratinocyteRNA-seqToll-like receptor

Identifiers

PMID28279190
PMCPMC5345243
OpenAlexW2594840304

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.