SynthesisMedicine2017
Effects of aquatic exercise on physical function and fitness among people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Rehabilitation of the lower extremities, standing and walking function in people with spinal cord injury or disease: Guideline of the German-Speaking Medical Society for Spinal Cord Injury.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2025Guideline
- Effects of aquatic exercise on the improvement of lower-extremity motor function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Supporting front crawl swimming in paraplegics using electrical stimulation: a feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Dual Impact of Swimming on Intervertebral Disc Health: Biomechanical, Clinical, and Translational Perspectives.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
- Systemic Inflammatory Changes in Spinal Cord Injured Patients after Adding Aquatic Therapy to Standard Physiotherapy Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evidence of Improvement of Lower Limb Functioning Using Hydrotherapy on Spinal Cord Injury Patients.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The state of aquatic therapy use for clients with spinal cord injury or disorder: Knowledge and current practice.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2022Article
- The Artificial Intelligence System for the Generation of Sports Education Guidance Model and Physical Fitness Evaluation Under Deep Learning.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009-2019).African journal of disability · 2021Article
- The benefits of combining water and land-based therapy.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2020Review
- The use of aquatic therapy among rehabilitation professionals for individuals with spinal cord injury or disorder.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2019Article
- Aquatic, deep water peak VOThe journal of spinal cord medicine · 2019Article
- Effects of water immersion on quasi-static standing exploring center of pressure sway and trunk acceleration: a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury.Spinal cord series and cases · 2019Article
- Is the aquatic thermal environment a suitable place for providing rehabilitative treatment for person with Parkinson's disease? A retrospective study.International journal of biometeorology · 2019Article
- The benefits of hydrotherapy to patients with spinal cord injuries.African journal of disability · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence on the effects of aquatic exercise interventions on physical function and fitness among people with spinal cord injury. DATA SOURCE: Six major databases were searched from inception till June 2015: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS
methodsTwo reviewers independently rated methodological quality using the modified Downs and Black Scale and extracted and synthesized key findings (i.e., participant characteristics, study design, physical function and fitness outcomes, and adverse events).
resultsEight of 276 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which none showed high research quality. Four studies assessed physical function outcomes and 4 studies evaluated aerobic fitness as outcome measures. Significant improvements on these 2 outcomes were generally found. Other physical or fitness outcomes including body composition, muscular strength, and balance were rarely reported. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY
findingsThere is weak evidence supporting aquatic exercise training to improve physical function and aerobic fitness among adults with spinal cord injury. Suggestions for future research include reporting details of exercise interventions, evaluating other physical or fitness outcomes, and improving methodological quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.