ArticlePloS one2017
Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness: The USE-IMT study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Intima-Media Thickness Measured at the Common Carotid Artery With Incident Carotid Plaque: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Consideration of Sex Differences in Design and Reporting of Experimental Arterial Pathology Studies-Statement From ATVB Council.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2018Guideline
- Tofogliflozin does not delay progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Trial
- Covert macrovascular disease and early outcome after ischemic cerebrovascular events.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Observational
- Cardiometabolic Risk Clusters and Their Reproductive Correlates: A Latent Class Analysis of Indian Women.Global heart · 2025Article
- Psychological stress and the longitudinal progression of subclinical atherosclerosis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease and its association with metabolic risk factors among waste pickers in South Africa.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Clusters of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Their Association with Atherosclerosis and Chronic Inflammation among Adults and Elderly in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2021Article
- Risk Factor Clusters and Cardiovascular Disease in High-Risk Patients: The UCC-SMART Study.Global heart · 2021Article
- The population attributable risk and clustering of stroke risk factors in different economical regions of China.Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relation of a single risk factor with atherosclerosis is established. Clinically we know of risk factor clustering within individuals. Yet, studies into the magnitude of the relation of risk factor clusters with atherosclerosis are limited. Here, we assessed that relation.
methodsIndividual participant data from 14 cohorts, involving 59,025 individuals were used in this cross-sectional analysis. We made 15 clusters of four risk factors (current smoking, overweight, elevated blood pressure, elevated total cholesterol). Multilevel age and sex adjusted linear regression models were applied to estimate mean differences in common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) between clusters using those without any of the four risk factors as reference group.
resultsCompared to the reference, those with 1, 2, 3 or 4 risk factors had a significantly higher common CIMT: mean difference of 0.026 mm, 0.052 mm, 0.074 mm and 0.114 mm, respectively. These findings were the same in men and in women, and across ethnic groups. Within each risk factor cluster (1, 2, 3 risk factors), groups with elevated blood pressure had the largest CIMT and those with elevated cholesterol the lowest CIMT, a pattern similar for men and women.
conclusionClusters of risk factors relate to increased common CIMT in a graded manner, similar in men, women and across race-ethnic groups. Some clusters seemed more atherogenic than others. Our findings support the notion that cardiovascular prevention should focus on sets of risk factors rather than individual levels alone, but may prioritize within clusters.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.