ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2017
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor: Comparing Trial Data and Real-World Use.
Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is HbA1c a valid surrogate for mortality in type 2 diabetes? Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized trials.Acta diabetologica · 2022Pooled it
- Phenotype-based targeted treatment of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Empagliflozin-A Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitor: Overview ofits Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
- Use of Real-World Data in Population Science to Improve the Prevention and Care of Diabetes-Related Outcomes.Diabetes care · 2023Review
- Article
- A Comparison of Individuals with Diabetes and EMPA-REG Trial Participants: Exploring Aspects of External Validity.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Online searches for SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists correlate with prescription rates in the United States: An infodemiological study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular outcomes with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors vs other glucose-lowering drugs in 13 countries across three continents: analysis of CVD-REAL data.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2021Article
- Barriers to initiating SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease: a real-world study.BMC nephrology · 2021Article
- How many people with type 2 diabetes fulfil the eligibility criteria for randomized, controlled trials of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in a real-world setting?Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Observational
- Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Using Individualized Prediction Models to Optimize Selection of Treatment.Diabetes · 2020Article
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcome trials and generalizability to English primary care.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2020Article
- Role of Gliclazide MR in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Report of a Symposium on Real-World Evidence and New Perspectives.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020Review
- Trends in Factors Affecting Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes of Childbearing Age (2004-2017).Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Cardiovascular Outcome Trials in Type 2 Diabetes: What Do They Mean for Clinical Practice?Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2019Article
- Real-world prevalence of the inclusion criteria for the LEADER trial: Data from a national general practice network.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019 · on this mapArticle
- How Generalizable Are Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors? A National Database Study: Study Protocol.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019Article
- The Standard of Care in Type 2 Diabetes: Re-evaluating the Treatment Paradigm.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe first cardiovascular safety trial in the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor drug class, the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) trial, demonstrated significant cardiovascular risk reduction with empagliflozin. It is currently not clear what proportions of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have the same high cardiovascular risk as those included in the trial, and will therefore be likely to experience the same cardiovascular benefit. We aimed to identify and describe the proportion of people with T2DM from a representative English national population who have the comparable high cardiovascular risk to those included in the EMPA-REG trial.
methodA cross-sectional analysis of cardiovascular risk in people with T2DM and a subgroup prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors. Patients were identified from the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database. Cardiovascular risk factors were identified from electronic patient records.
resultsFrom 1,238,909 patients at 128 GP practices, we identified 60,327 adults with T2DM (mean age 66.1 years, SD 13.9) of whom 55.6% were male. From these 1642 (2.7%) people had been initiated on an SGLT2 inhibitor (mean age 58.1 years, SD 10.4; 58.8% male). In the complete T2DM group only 15.7% (95% CI 15.5-16.0%) had the same high cardiovascular risk as those included in the EMPA-REG trial. In those already initiated on SGLT2 inhibitors this proportion was 11.1% (95% CI 9.8-12.4%). Whilst the proportion was higher in the oldest age groups, in those 70+ years old less than a quarter met the EMPA-REG trial high cardiovascular risk criteria.
conclusionsThe EMPA-REG trial results are applicable only to a small proportion of people with T2DM and a smaller proportion of those currently treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Additional data are required to identify any cardiovascular benefit in people with lower cardiovascular risk.
fundingAstraZeneca.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.