SynthesisPsychological bulletin2017
The effects of acute stress on episodic memory: A meta-analysis and integrative review.
Synthesis in Psychological bulletin, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03353441 (Effects of Microencapsulated Sublingual Glycine), which is not on this map. Cited by 164 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Microencapsulated Sublingual Glycine (Bidicin) on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Men After an Acute Stressor - a Randomized, Partly Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 425 citations in OpenAlex.
- The recovery and retraction of memories of abuse: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Agreement Between Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Stress and long-term memory retrieval: a systematic review.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapyPooled it
- Prefrontal cortex stimulation prevents stress-induced HPA axis reactivity in people at familial risk of schizophrenia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Hippocampal Mechanisms Support Cortisol-Induced Memory Enhancements.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Trial
- Effects of cortisol administration on craving during in vivo exposure in patients with alcohol use disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Effects of hydrocortisone on autobiographical memory retrieval in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: the role of childhood trauma.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Acute stress impairs cognitive flexibility in men, not women.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Trial
- Bidirectional association between irritability and executive function in youth from late childhood to early adolescence: Between- and within-person effects.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Spatial memory under emotion: Effects across encoding, maintenance and retrieval.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- Effects of bogus genetic feedback on subjective and physiological responses to acute stress.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Testosterone in patients with borderline personality disorder: from hair analyses to social behavior.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Demographically adjusted norms for a French-Quebec version of the face-name associative recognition test.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026Article
- Anxiety, stress, and affective modulation on object-location memory: A systematic review in virtual environments.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Linking Psychophysiological Markers To Situational Performance: An EEG Study of Police Cadets during Critical Incident Simulations.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Synaptic pruning, myelination and the emergence of psychiatric disorders in late adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dream content and slow waves benefit prey against predator in a video game confrontation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cortisol treatment impairs path integration and alters grid-like representations in the male human entorhinal cortex.PLoS biology · 2026Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A growing body of research has indicated that acute stress can critically impact memory. However, there are a number of inconsistencies in the literature, and important questions remain regarding the conditions under which stress effects emerge as well as basic questions about how stress impacts different phases of memory. In this meta-analysis, we examined 113 independent studies in humans with 6,216 participants that explored effects of stress on encoding, postencoding, retrieval, or postreactivation phases of episodic memory. The results indicated that when stress occurred prior to or during encoding it impaired memory, unless both the delay between the stressor and encoding was very short and the study materials were directly related to the stressor, in which case stress improved encoding. In contrast, postencoding stress improved memory unless the stressor occurred in a different physical context than the study materials. When stress occurred just prior to or during retrieval, memory was impaired, and these effects were larger for emotionally valenced materials than neutral materials. Although stress consistently increased cortisol, the magnitude of the cortisol response was not related to the effects of stress on memory. Nonetheless, the effects of stress on memory were generally reduced in magnitude for women taking hormonal contraceptives. These analyses indicate that stress disrupts some episodic memory processes while enhancing others, and that the effects of stress are modulated by a number of critical factors. These results provide important constraints on current theories of stress and memory, and point to new questions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.