Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28530678›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2017

The complex genetics of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Xiaoqin Liu, Hisato Yagi, Shazina Saeed, Abha S Bais, George C Gabriel, Zhaohan Chen, Kevin A Peterson, You Li, Molly C Schwartz, William T Reynolds and 24 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
157citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

157 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 231 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Is There a Unified Etiology of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome? Evaluating Genetic, Structural, and Hemodynamic Models of Disease Initiation.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Modeling patient variants ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Complex-specific HDAC1/2 regulation in the heart: insights from MiDAC disruption.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Recessive genetic contribution to congenital heart disease in 5,424 probands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaoqin LiuDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hisato YagiDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1460-4043
Shazina SaeedDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abha S BaisDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
George C GabrielDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Zhaohan ChenDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kevin A PetersonThe Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.
You LiDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Molly C SchwartzDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
William T ReynoldsDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Manush SaydmohammedDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Brian GibbsDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Yijen WuDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
William DevineDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Bishwanath ChatterjeeDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Nikolai T KlenaDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Dennis KostkaDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Karen L de Mesy BentleyPathology &Laboratory Medicine and the Electron Microscope Research Core, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
Madhavi K GanapathirajuDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Phillip DexheimerDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Linda LeatherburyDivision of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
Omar KhalifaDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Anchit BhagatDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Maliha ZahidDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
William PuDepartment of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Simon WatkinsDepartment of Cell Biology, Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Paul GrossfeldDivision of Cardiology, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.
Stephen A MurrayThe Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.
George A PorterDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-9988
Michael TsangDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-0063
Lisa J MartinDivision of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-9946
D Woodrow BensonPediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Bruce J AronowDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Cecilia W LoDepartment of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-3434
University of Pittsburgh · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USJackson Laboratory · USUniversity of Rochester · USBoston Children's Hospital · USChildren's National · USMedical College of Wisconsin · USUniversity of San Diego · US

Funding

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MYOCARDIAL DISEASEST32HL007227 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Chulan Kwon, WENDY S POST · 1985 to 2026
$21.2M
High Throughput Production and Cryopreservation of Knockout MiceU42OD011185 · OD · JACKSON LABORATORY · PI MURRAY, STEPHEN A, TAFT, ROBERT A · 2012 to 2015
$17.9M
Mapping Transcriptional Networks in Cardiac DevelopmentU01HL098166 · NHLBI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI SEIDMAN, JONATHAN G · 2009 to 2014
$9.5M
Modeling the genetic basis for human congenital heart disease in miceU01HL098180 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI LO, CECILIA W. · 2009 to 2014
$8.5M
Modeling the complex genetics of congenital heart disease in miceR01HL132024 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI LO, CECILIA W. · 2016 to 2019
$3.4M
Assaying Heterotaxy Patient Genes in Cilia Motility and Left-Right PatterningR01GM104412 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CHENNUBHOTLA, SRINIVAS CHAKRA, LO, CECILIA W. · 2014 to 2017
$2.4M
Discovery of Mental Health and Inflammation (MHAIN) InteractomeR01MH094564 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI GANAPATHIRAJU, MADHAVI K · 2011 to 2015
$1.9M
Request for a Leica 3X STED MicroscopeS10OD021540 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI WATKINS, SIMON C · 2016 to 2016
$1.2M
Confocal enhanced episcopic fluorescent image capture (EFIC)S10OD010340 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI LO, CECILIA W. · 2012 to 2012
$368k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL132024NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007227NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL098166NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL098180NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM104412NIH HHS S10 OD010340NIH HHS S10 OD021540NIH HHS U42 OD011185NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094564
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 1% of live births. Although a genetic etiology is indicated by an increased recurrence risk, sporadic occurrence suggests that CHD genetics is complex. Here, we show that hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), a severe CHD, is multigenic and genetically heterogeneous. Using mouse forward genetics, we report what is, to our knowledge, the first isolation of HLHS mutant mice and identification of genes causing HLHS. Mutations from seven HLHS mouse lines showed multigenic enrichment in ten human chromosome regions linked to HLHS. Mutations in Sap130 and Pcdha9, genes not previously associated with CHD, were validated by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice as being digenic causes of HLHS. We also identified one subject with HLHS with SAP130 and PCDHA13 mutations. Mouse and zebrafish modeling showed that Sap130 mediates left ventricular hypoplasia, whereas Pcdha9 increases penetrance of aortic valve abnormalities, both signature HLHS defects. These findings show that HLHS can arise genetically in a combinatorial fashion, thus providing a new paradigm for the complex genetics of CHD.

Indexed as

Genetic HeterogeneityAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAortaChromosome MappingChromosomes, HumanCRISPR-Cas SystemsDisease Models, AnimalExomeFemaleGene EditingGene Knockout TechniquesHeart VentriclesHumansHypoplastic Left Heart SyndromeMale

Identifiers

PMID28530678
PMCPMC5737968
OpenAlexW2619470987

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.