ArticleHeart (British Cardiac Society)2017
Chocolate intake and risk of clinically apparent atrial fibrillation: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.
Article in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary interventions in the management of atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Cocoa flavanol supplementation and incident atrial fibrillation in the COSMOS trial.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Sex Related Differences in the Complex Relationship between Coffee, Caffeine and Atrial Fibrillation.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Mediterranean Diet: A Tool to Break the Relationship of Atrial Fibrillation with the Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Low-Carbohydrate Diets and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Observational
- Bioactive Compounds, Nutritional Value, and Potential Health Benefits of Indigenous Durian (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association between chocolate intake and incident clinically apparent atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF).
methodsThe Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study is a large population-based prospective cohort study. The present study is based on 55 502 participants (26 400 men and 29 102 women) aged 50-64 years who had provided information on chocolate intake at baseline. Incident cases of AF were ascertained by linkage with nationwide registries.
resultsDuring a median of 13.5 years there were 3346 cases of AF. Compared with chocolate intake less than once per month, the rate of AF was lower for people consuming 1-3 servings/month (hazard ratio (HR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 0.98), 1 serving/week (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.92), 2-6 servings/week (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.91) and ≥1 servings/day (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.09; p-linear trend <0.0001), with similar results for men and women.
conclusionsAccumulating evidence indicates that moderate chocolate intake may be inversely associated with AF risk, although residual confounding cannot be ruled out.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.