Evidence mapPaperPMID 28553603Full record

ArticleIndian journal of endocrinology and metabolism

An Audit of Insulin Usage and Insulin Injection Practices in a Large Indian Cohort.

Manash P Baruah, Sanjay Kalra, Saptarshi Bose, Jumi Deka

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Insulin Injection Behaviors and Association with Glycemic Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Real-World Survey in Spain.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
  2. Pen Needle Reuse in People with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Expert Opinion on Optimizing Suboptimal Basal Insulin Titration in India: Addressing Challenges and Leveraging Digital Solutions.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
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  6. Review
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  13. A Coloured Pen Needle Education System Improves Insulin Site Rotation Habits: Results of a Randomized Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Insulin-Induced Skin Lipohypertrophy in Type 2 Diabetes: a Multicenter Regional Survey in Southern Italy.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Manash P BaruahConsultant Endocrinologist, Excel Care Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Sanjay KalraCosultant Endocrinologist, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Saptarshi BoseScientific Advisor, Biocon Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Jumi DekaDiabetic Counselor, Excel Care Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
CARE Hospitals · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionInsulin remains the cornerstone of therapy in a substantial number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inadequate knowledge regarding insulin usage is likely to influence its acceptance and adherence, and outcome of therapy, underscoring great need to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin usage in patients with T2DM. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional registry-based retrospective study analyzed data collected from 748 respondents (male: 466, female: 282), mostly from high or middle economic status, who were enrolled as outpatient in a referral clinic during last 10 years (2006-2016), to assess the general characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes and their baseline knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin usage and injection practices.

resultsMean ± standard deviation (SD) of duration of diabetes was 12.24 ± 7.60 years and mean ± SD duration of insulin therapy was 3.42 ± 4.18 years, which was initiated after a mean ± SD diabetes duration of 8.80 ± 6.42 years. Mean insulin dose per kilogram of body weight/day was 0.51 ± 0.27 units. Total daily dose of insulin was 33.36 ± 18.44 units and number of injections/day (mean ± SD) was 2.06 ± 0.73. Among the respondents, 58.96% were on human insulin and 35.70% were on analog insulin. Pen devices were used by 66.08% of the population whereas 31.76% used insulin syringes. The prevalence of lipohypertrophy (LH) was 12.57%, which was significantly (

conclusionThe current study highlights the unique patterns of insulin usage and associated high prevalence of LH among insulin users in India.

Indexed as

Diabetesinjection techniqueinsulinlipodystrophylipohypertrophy

Identifiers

PMID28553603
PMCPMC5434731
OpenAlexW2611686973

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.