SynthesisInternational urology and nephrology2017
Smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urology and nephrology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Cigarette smoking and risk of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.International urology and nephrology · 2018Pooled it
- The dual challenge of diabesity: pathophysiology, management, and future directions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Albuminuria: An Underappreciated Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- IFN-γ, SCF, MIP1b and IL-16 Were Associated with Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in the Incidence of Nephropathy and Changes in Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Impact of Diabetic Nephropathy on Pulmonary Function and Clinical Outcomes.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Smoking and diabetes: dangerous liaisons and confusing relationships.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2019Review
- A non-laboratory-based risk score for predicting diabetic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have investigated the connection between diabetic nephropathy and smoking, and reported widely varying rates. This study aimed to systematically analyze the impact of smoking on diabetic nephropathy.
methodsWe searched the PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases to identify relevant English-language studies published up to March 2016. Eligible studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data for each study were extracted independently by two authors. The homogeneity of the effect size across the studies was tested. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using the random-effect model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to reduce heterogeneity, and publication biases were examined.
resultsA total of 21 eligible studies were selected and pooled analyzed. No significant differences in demographic characteristics were found between patients with diabetic nephropathy and those with non-diabetic nephropathy. Significant heterogeneity across studies was found except those of diabetes mellitus controls. The aggregate OR of smoking in the patients with diabetic nephropathy in comparison with those with non-diabetic nephropathy was 1.70 (95% confidence interval 1.48-1.95). No evidence of publication bias was found.
conclusionOur findings indicate that smoking is a significant risk factor for diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.