SynthesisNutrients2017
Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultra-processed food intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of three prospective cohorts of Korean adults and an updated meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Myricetin Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vivo Mice Studies.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary interventions in the management of atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The Health Effects of Chocolate and Cocoa: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Role of diet in type 2 diabetes incidence: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Pooled it
- Flavonoids intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Beyond Taste: The Impact of Chocolate on Cardiovascular and Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Factors.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Cocoa Shell Extract Restores Redox Balance in Developmental Hypertension in Male Rats: Roles of Nrf2, SOD2 and p-eNOS.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- The association between polyphenol consumption and stroke risk factors in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Dark Chocolate Elevates Resting Energy Expenditure in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of exercise science · 2025Article
- Chocolate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Cocoa Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Cellular Senescence via Modulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in Auditory Cells.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies have examined the role of chocolate in preventing cardiometabolic disease, the results remain inconsistent. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the association between chocolate intake and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes. A systematical search in PubMed and Embase through March 2017, together with reference scrutiny of relevant literatures, was performed to identify eligible studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random effect models. Fourteen prospective studies of primary prevention with 508,705 participants were finally included, with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 16 years. The summary RRs for the highest versus lowest chocolate consumption were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.97;
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.