Trial reportPloS one2017
Exercise before breakfast increases 24-h fat oxidation in female subjects.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Combined Exercise and Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet Interventions on Waist Circumference and Triglycerides in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluating the impact of individuals' morningness-eveningness on the effectiveness of a habit-formation intervention for a simple and a complex behavior.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Trial
- Effect of a single bout of morning or afternoon exercise on glucose fluctuation in young healthy men.Physiological reports · 2021Trial
- Metabolic impact of protein feeding prior to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in a fasted state: a pilot study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018Trial
- Diurnal timing and volume of physical activity in relation to metabolic syndrome in US adults: a population-based cohort study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Comparative effectiveness of morning and evening aerobic exercise on weight loss and physical fitness in Chinese college students with overweight and obesity.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Optimal calorie restriction threshold: effect of FATmax exercise combined with different proportions of calorie restriction on hypercholesterolemia.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Subacute Effects of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise in the Fasted State on Cell Metabolism and Signaling in Sedentary Rats.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Exercise Timing Matters for Glycogen Metabolism and Accumulated Fat Oxidation over 24 h.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Understanding heterogeneity of responses to, and optimizing clinical efficacy of, exercise training in older adults: NIH NIA Workshop summary.GeroScience · 2023Review
- Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Metabolic flexibility during sleep.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Metabolic and Molecular Subacute Effects of a Single Moderate-Intensity Exercise Bout, Performed in the Fasted State, in Obese Male Rats.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Time-of-Day-Dependent Physiological Responses to Meal and Exercise.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Effect of Fed State on Self-selected Intensity and Affective Responses to Exercise Following Public Health Recommendations.International journal of exercise science · 2019Article
- Article
- Effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate availability on fat oxidation and energy expenditure after a high-intensity exercise.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2018Article
- Performance during a strenuous swimming session is associated with high blood lactate: pyruvate ratio and hypoglycemia in fasted rats.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExercise performed in a postprandial state does not increase 24-h fat oxidation of male and female subjects. Conversely, it has been shown in male subjects that exercise performed in a postabsorptive state increases 24-h fat oxidation compared with that in sedentary control and that with exercise trials performed after breakfast, lunch, or dinner. There is a paucity of study evaluating the effect of exercise performed in a postabsorptive state in female subjects.
methodNine young female subjects participated in indirect calorimetry measurement over 24-h using a room-size metabolic chamber in which subjects remained sedentary or performed 60 min exercise before breakfast at 50% of [Formula: see text]. Exercise was accompanied by an increase in energy intake to ensure that subjects were in a similar state of energy balance over 24 h for the two trials.
findingsCompared with the sedentary condition, exercise performed before breakfast increased 24-h fat oxidation (519 ± 37 vs. 400 ± 41 kcal/day). Time courses of relative energy balance differed between trials with transient negative energy balance observed before breakfast. The lowest values of relative energy balance observed during the 24-h calorimetry, i.e., transient energy deficit, were greater in exercise trials than in sedentary trials. The transient deficit in carbohydrate balance was also observed before breakfast, and magnitude of the deficit was greater in exercise trial compared to that of sedentary trial.
interpretationUnder energy-balanced conditions, exercise performed in a post-absorptive state increases 24-h fat oxidation in female subjects. The effect of exercise performed before breakfast can be attributed to nutritional state: a transient deficit in energy and carbohydrate at the end of exercise.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.