Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28745091›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2017

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use in Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis Demonstrates Meaningful Improvements in HbA1c and Reductions in Health Care Utilization.

Christopher G Parkin, Claudia Graham, John Smolskis

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07769138 (Implementation of Networked Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Telemetry Within the Intensive Care Unit), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07769138 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Implementation of Networked Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Telemetry Within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU-TeleCGM)

TypeobservationalSponsorImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustRan2026 to 2028Enrolled70ConditionsType 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin, Hyperglycemia, Intensive Care (ICU)ArmsDexcom G7, ViewsEMR telemetry
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Telehealth Technologies and Their Benefits to People With Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2022
    Article
  11. Making sense of glucose sensors in end-stage kidney disease: A review.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Diabetic ketoacidosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher G Parkin1 CGParkin Communications, Inc, Boulder City, NV, USA.
Claudia Graham2 Dexcom, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
John Smolskis3 Optum, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Dexcom (United States) · USOptum (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundReal-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). However, the benefits of rtCGM in T1D patients treated with multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) therapy has not been well studied. We explored the effects of rtCGM versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on clinical outcomes within a large T1D population treated with either CSII or MDI therapy.

methodsThis retrospective, longitudinal analysis utilized datasets from T1D patients enrolled in a commercial health plan to assess changes in HbA1c in 187 naïve to rtCGM users and 6260 SMBG users. Propensity score modeling was used to assess inpatient admissions, emergency room (ER) visits in 1130 patients (565 rtCGM, 565 SMBG). Differences in HbA1c reduction (rtCGM+MDI vs rtCGM+CSII) were evaluated.

resultsLarger, clinically meaningful HbA1c reductions were seen among rtCGM versus SMBG users: -0.5% ( P = .004) versus -0.2% ( P < .0001); 0.3% diff in diff, P = .03. All-cause inpatient admissions were lower for rtCGM users: -42%, P = .013. Emergency room visits coded for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were four times higher for SMBG patients than rtCGM patients: 17 versus 4, P = .0318. HbA1c reductions were most notable with rtCGM+MDI versus rtCGM+CSII treatment: -0.6% ( P = .01) versus -0.3% ( P = .16).

conclusionsUse of rtCGM in T1D patients facilitates greater HbA1c improvements and reduced health care system utilization compared with traditional SMBG use regardless of insulin administration method. Treatment with rtCGM in conjunction with MDI confers similar or greater glycemic benefits without the additional costs associated with CSII therapy.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInfusions, SubcutaneousInjections, SubcutaneousInsulinLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedMonitoring, PhysiologicRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulincontinuous glucose monitoringCSIIinsulin pumprtCGMSMBGtype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID28745091
PMCPMC5505435
OpenAlexW2594597615

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.