ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2017
Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Hospitalization With Lower-Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Hospital-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Pooled it
- Outcomes among patients with peripheral artery disease in the Aspirin Dosing: A Patient-Centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long-Term Effectiveness (ADAPTABLE) study.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Burden of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in the Western Pacific region, 1990-2021: a comparative analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Implicit Bias and Recognition of Biases Among Vascular Surgeons.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction predict cognitive decline in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Global and national burden of peripheral arterial disease from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burdens of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050: global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and Socioeconomic Health Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- Investigating Unconscious Race Bias and Bias Awareness Among Vascular Surgeons.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors are most predictive of health status in patients with claudication.Journal of vascular surgery · 2024Article
- Living in disadvantaged neighborhoods linked to less intervention for severe aortic stenosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Identification of Fatigue Subtypes and Their Correlates in Prevalent Heart Failure: A Secondary Analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- Global disease burden and its attributable risk factors of peripheral arterial disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A hidden problem: peripheral artery disease in women.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2023Review
- The importance of socio-economic determinants of health in the care of patients with peripheral artery disease: A narrative review from VAS.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2023Review
- Article
- Integrating Psychosocial Care in the Management of Patients With Vascular Disease.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCompared to coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, the relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is less well established. We examined the association between SES and incidence of hospitalization with PAD and explored whether this association can be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors and healthcare access. METHODS AND
resultsA total of 12 517 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1987-1989) with no prior PAD were examined. Individual-level SES was assessed from household income (low <$12 000/year, medium $12 000 to $24 999/year, and high ≥$25 000/year [double to approximate to values in 2016]) and educational attainment (<high school, high school, and >high school), and area-level SES from area deprivation index (quintiles). During a median follow-up of 23.6 (Interquartile range 19.6-24.5) years, 433 participants had a hospitalization with PAD. In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the demographically adjusted hazard ratio was 2.42 (1.81-3.23) for low household income, 2.08 (1.60-2.69) for low educational attainment, and 2.18 (1.35-3.53) for most deprived neighborhoods, compared to their high-SES counterparts. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and heath care access, the associations were attenuated but remained significant, particularly for income and education. Results were consistent when stratified by race (
conclusionsLow individual- and area-level SES are strong predictors of hospitalization with PAD, in part due to increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and poor access to care in these groups. Additional risk factors may also need to be identified and acted on to eliminate SES disparities in PAD hospitalization.
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