Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28864696›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2017

Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study of 13 473 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in mainland China.

Yan Liu, Jiarui Yang, Liyuan Tao, Huibin Lv, Xiaodan Jiang, Mingzhou Zhang, Xuemin Li

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Clinical and Radiological Fusion: A New Frontier in Predicting Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yan LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jiarui YangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Liyuan TaoResearch Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Huibin LvDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xiaodan JiangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Mingzhou ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xuemin LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Peking University · CNPeking University Third Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) among Chinese patients with diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING AND

participantsA cross-sectional investigation was performed in eight screening clinics in six provinces across mainland China. Information about the risk factors was recorded in screening clinics. Some risk factors (sex, age, diagnosis age, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) were recorded in all eight clinics, while others were collected only in a subset of the clinics. The relationships between the risk factors and DR and between the risk factors and STDR were explored for the eight factors mentioned above and for all factors studied. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Risk factors of DR and STDR were assessed, and a nomogram of the results was produced.

resultsYounger age, longer diabetes duration, higher SBP, higher FBG and higher HbA1c were found to be independent risk factors for both DR and STDR in the eight-factor analyses. In the all-factor analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, higher SBP, oral medicine use and insulin use were independent risk factors for both DR and STDR; higher postprandial blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, triglyceride andlow-density lipoprotein were independent risk factors for DR only, and higher FBG was a risk factor for STDR only.

conclusionsIn this cross-sectional investigation, several risk factors were found for DR and STDR. Notably, FBG, PBG and HbA1c were all risk factors for DR or STDR, suggesting that stricter blood glucose control in clinical practice is required.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlood GlucoseBlood PressureChinaCholesterol, LDLCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseCholesterol, LDLGlycated HemoglobinInsulinTriglyceridesBMIdiabetic retinopathyglucoserisk factorsWHR

Identifiers

PMID28864696
PMCPMC5588996
OpenAlexW2753692743

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.