ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2017
The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on memory encoding and retrieval.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can anxiety and race interact to influence face-recognition accuracy? A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Severe PTSD symptoms magnify episodic memory-encoding deficits and amygdala-ACC attenuation during unpredictable threat in male combat veterans.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Social Interaction Anxiety in Developmental Prosopagnosia: Prevalence, Severity, and Individual Differences.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Moral judgement under induced anxiety: threat-of-shock reduces sensitivity to immoral acts and alters neural processing.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- State-dependent memory mechanisms insights from neural circuits and clinical implications.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recognition and testimony memory: differential effects in young and older adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- How emotional contexts modulate item memory in individuals with high and low negative affect and worry.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Emotional, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral responses to acute stress and uncertainty in military personnel.PloS one · 2024Article
- Independent replications reveal anterior and posterior cingulate cortex activation underlying state anxiety-attenuated face encoding.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- The impact of incidental anxiety on the neural signature of mentalizing.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Threat impairs flexible use of a cognitive map.Motivation and emotion · 2023Article
- Isometric handgrip exercise speeds working memory responses in younger and older adults.Psychology and aging · 2023Article
- One-week sleep hygiene education improves episodic memory in young but not in older adults during social isolation.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Effects of Catha Edulis Forsk on spatial learning, memory and correlation with serum electrolytes in wild-type male white albino rats.PloS one · 2022Article
- Social Relationship as a Factor for the Development of Stress Incubation in Adult Mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- How representative are neuroimaging samples? Large-scale evidence for trait anxiety differences between fMRI and behaviour-only research participants.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2021Article
- The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on the neural substrates of memory encoding and retrieval.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders, and daily transient feelings of anxiety (or "stress") are ubiquitous. However, the precise impact of both transient and pathological anxiety on higher-order cognitive functions, including short- and long-term memory, is poorly understood. A clearer understanding of the anxiety-memory relationship is important as one of the core symptoms of anxiety, most prominently in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is intrusive reexperiencing of traumatic events in the form of vivid memories. This study therefore aimed to examine the impact of induced anxiety (threat of shock) on memory encoding and retrieval. Eighty-six healthy participants completed tasks assessing: visuospatial working memory, verbal recognition, face recognition, and associative memory. Critically, anxiety was manipulated within-subjects: information was both encoded and retrieved under threat of shock and safe (no shock) conditions. Results revealed that visuospatial working memory was enhanced when information was encoded and subsequently retrieved under threat, and that threat impaired the encoding of faces regardless of the condition in which it was retrieved. Episodic memory and verbal short-term recognition were, however, unimpaired. These findings indicate that transient anxiety in healthy individuals has domain-specific, rather than domain-general, impacts on memory. Future studies would benefit from expanding these findings into anxiety disorder patients to delineate the differences between adaptive and maladaptive responding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.