Trial reportJournal of the American Heart Association2017
Competing Risks of Cardiovascular Versus Noncardiovascular Death During Long-Term Follow-Up After Acute Coronary Syndromes.
Trial report in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ezetimibe for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality events.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018 · on this mapPooled it
- Effect of Alirocumab on Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndromes.Circulation · 2019Trial
- Cardiovascular event rate modifies response to pharmacologic LDL-C lowering in primary prevention: implications of a systematic review and meta-analysis for clinical practice.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Impact of guideline-directed medical therapy on the cardiac or non-cardiac death in acute myocardial infarction.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Remote Heart Failure Symptoms Assessment After Myocardial Infarction Identifies Patients at Risk for Death.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Prognostic Analysis of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Implantation of Different Stents for the First Time.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Frequency, Regional Variation, and Predictors of Undetermined Cause of Death in Cardiometabolic Clinical Trials: A Pooled Analysis of 9259 Deaths in 9 Trials.Circulation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the relative risk of cardiovascular versus noncardiovascular death is important for designing clinical trials. These risks may differ depending on patient age, sex, and type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS AND
resultsIMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) was a randomized controlled trial of simvastatin plus either ezetimibe or placebo following stabilized ACS. Cause of death was adjudicated by an independent committee. We compared the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death for patients with unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in those <65 and ≥65 years old, and males and females, over 7 years of follow-up. Of 18 131 patients, the presenting event was STEMI for 5190 (29%) and UA/NSTEMI for 12 941 (71%); 10 173 (56%) patients were <65 years old and 7971 (44%) were ≥65 years old at presentation. UA/NSTEMI patients were older than STEMI patients, with more cardiovascular and noncardiovascular risk factors. In STEMI patients, the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death was higher for ∼4 years following the index event, after which noncardiovascular death predominated. In UA/NSTEMI patients, the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death remained higher than noncardiovascular death over the full follow-up period. Patients ≥65 years old and <65 years old had a higher incidence of cardiovascular death than noncardiovascular death over the entirety of follow-up. Female patients had a higher incidence of cardiovascular death than noncardiovascular death for ∼6 years following the index event; male patients had a higher incidence of cardiovascular death than noncardiovascular death over the entirety of follow-up.
conclusionsAmong post-ACS patients enrolled in a long-term clinical trial, the relative incidence of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death differed based on type of ACS presentation and sex, but not age. These findings further delineate long-term prognosis after ACS and should inform the design of future cardiovascular outcomes trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.