ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
How Viruses Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza as a Less Commonly Recognized Cause of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.European journal of haematology · 2026Pooled it
- HLH as an additional warning sign of inborn errors of immunity beyond familial-HLH in children: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Differential Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Syndrome byJournal of healthcare engineering · 2022Pooled it
- Severe COVID-19: what have we learned with the immunopathogenesis?Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Dengue-Associated Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Presenting as Persistent Cytopenia: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Early management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome: a systematic literature review.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- Human herpesvirus-6B infection leading to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an adult: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
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- A Novel Murine Model of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-Like Inflammation in ZNFX1 Deficiency.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Role of Hemoperfusion With HA330 in the Management of Severe Dengue Shock Syndrome.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Mature NK-cell lymphoma presenting with chylothorax and delirium: a rare emergency case.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- A Complex Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Untreated Hepatitis C: Diagnostic Challenges.Journal of hematology · 2025Article
- Fatal Cytokine Collision: HLH-AIHA in Advanced AIDS-Case Report and Literature Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- A case report of hemophagocytic syndrome induced byFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pre-diagnostic trajectory of pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: observations from hematological and hepatic parameters.Annals of hematology · 2024Article
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Triggered by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: A Narrative Review.Hematology reports · 2024Review
- Liver Dysfunction in Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Review
- Infectious Triggers of Cytokine Storm Syndromes: Herpes Virus Family (Non-EBV).Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Immunology of Cytokine Storm Syndromes: Natural Killer Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening, hyperinflammatory syndrome, characterized by the uncontrolled activation of macrophages and T cells, eliciting key symptoms such as persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hemophagocytosis, hyperferritinemia, and coagulopathy. Viral infections are frequently implicated in the onset of active HLH episodes, both in primary, genetic HLH as in the secondary, acquired form. Infections with herpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus are the most common. In autoimmune diseases, a link between viral infections and autoreactive immune responses has been recognized for a considerable time. However, the mechanisms by which viruses contribute to HLH pathogenesis remain to be clarified. In this viewpoint, different factors that may come into play are discussed. Viruses, particularly larger DNA viruses such as herpesviruses, are potent modulators of the immune response. By evading immune recognition, interfering with cytokine balances and inhibiting apoptotic pathways, viruses may increase the host's susceptibility to HLH development. In particular cases, a direct connection between the viral infection and inhibition of natural killer cell or T cell cytotoxicity was reported, indicating that viruses may create immunological deficiencies reminiscent of primary HLH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.