ArticleJRSM cardiovascular disease
The calendar of cytokines: Seasonal variation of circulating cytokines in chronic venous insufficiency.
Article in JRSM cardiovascular disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cardiovascular impact of chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence of Inflammatory Network Disruption in Chronic Venous Disease: An Analysis of Circulating Cytokines and Chemokines.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Blood Cytokines of the Ovarian Vein Basin in Different Stages of Pelvic Varicose Veins.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Daytime Light Deficiency Leads to Sex- and Brain Region-Specific Neuroinflammatory Responses in a Diurnal Rodent.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Urinary TNF-α as a potential biomarker for chronic primary low back pain.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Article
- Hippocampal but Not Serum Cytokine Levels Are Altered by Traffic-Related Air Pollution in TgF344-AD and Wildtype Fischer 344 Rats in a Sex- and Age-Dependent Manner.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Cytokine levels in children and adults with wheezing and asthma show specific patterns of variability over time.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Inflammation and tissue homeostasis: the NF-κB system in physiology and malignant progression.Molecular biology reports · 2020Review
- Cytokines Produced by Lymphocytes in the Incompetent Great Saphenous Vein.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess if in chronic venous insufficiency, there is a seasonal variation of cytokines levels which could explain the typical worsening of symptoms during Spring and Summer.
participantsFrom 193 chronic venous insufficiency patients, we selected 32 patients in clinical stage C2-C3 of the Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classification.
designA prospective, comparative and blinded cytokines assessment in two different seasons.
settingWe sorted patients by two homogenous groups, 17 Autumn Group and 15 Spring Group. A complete clinical and haemodynamic assessment and laboratory analysis of 22 circulating cytokines were performed on each patient.
main outcome measuresCirculating cytokines levels assessment.
resultsThe two groups resulted homogenous for age, gender, clinical class, and haemodynamic parameters. Comparing cytokines expressions in Autumn Group vs. Spring Group, we found a significant difference of 11 out of 22 circulating cytokines (p < 0.05). Particularly Eotaxin, Interleukin-8, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Tumour Necrosis Factor-α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor were increased in Autumn compared to the Control Group (p < 0.001); while significantly reduced in Spring, within the normal range (p, not significant).
conclusionsSymptoms of chronic venous insufficiency are self-reported by patients more intense during warm seasons. Surprisingly, in our study, cytokines levels were significantly higher during Autumn and downregulated in Spring. These variations show for the first time the presence of a 'Calendar of Cytokines' in chronic venous insufficiency, which needs to be further investigated.
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