ArticleCirculation. Cardiovascular genetics2017
Impact of Selection Bias on Estimation of Subsequent Event Risk.
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Article in Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
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20citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
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- Factor V Leiden and the Risk of Bleeding in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated With Antiplatelet Therapy: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Factor V Leiden With Subsequent Atherothrombotic Events: A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data.Circulation · 2020Pooled it
- Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Subsequent Event Risk in Individuals With Established Coronary Heart Disease.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Prospective associations between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older British men.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Risk of cataract and glaucoma among older persons with diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study based on LASI, Wave-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Strategies to investigate and mitigate collider bias in genetic and Mendelian randomisation studies of disease progression.PLoS genetics · 2023Review
- Polygenic risk score improves the accuracy of a clinical risk score for coronary artery disease.BMC medicine · 2022Observational
- Adjusting for collider bias in genetic association studies using instrumental variable methods.Genetic epidemiology · 2022Article
- The Promise of Mendelian Randomization in Parkinson's Disease: Has the Smoke Cleared Yet for Smoking and Parkinson's Disease Risk?Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Genome-Wide Variants Associated With Longitudinal Survival Outcomes Among Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Polygenic risk scores for coronary artery disease and subsequent event risk amongst established cases.Human molecular genetics · 2020Article
- Observational
- Improving the odds of drug development success through human genomics: modelling study.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Survival Bias in Mendelian Randomization Studies: A Threat to Causal Inference.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2019Article
- Contextualizing selection bias in Mendelian randomization: how bad is it likely to be?International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Adjustment for index event bias in genome-wide association studies of subsequent events.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Interleukin-6 Receptor Signaling and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth Rates.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Yi-Juan HuFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.). yijuan.hu@emory.edu amand.schmidt@ucl.ac.uk.
Amand F SchmidtFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Frank DudbridgeFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Michael V HolmesFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
James M BrophyFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Vinicius TraganteFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Ziyi LiFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Peizhou LiaoFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Arshed A QuyyumiFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Raymond O McCubreyFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Benjamin D HorneFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Aroon D HingoraniFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Folkert W AsselbergsFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Riyaz S PatelFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
Qi LongFrom the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Y.-J.H., Z.L., P.L.); Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands (A.F.S.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science and The Farr Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (A.F.S., A.D.H., F.W.A., R.P.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (F.D.); Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (F.D.); Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom (M.V.H.); Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada (J.M.B.); Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (V.T., F.W.A.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.Q.); Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (R.O.M., B.D.H.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (B.D.H.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Q.L.).
The GENIUS-CHD Consortium
Funding
Association Tests of Rare Variants Using Sequence Reads without Calling GenotypesR01GM116065 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HU, YIJUAN · 2015 to 2019
$1.5MStatistical Methods for Causal Inference in Observational StudiesR21NS091630 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LONG, QI · 2015 to 2016
$424kEpigenome-wide association study of asthma in populations of African descentR03AI111396 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HU, YIJUAN · 2014 to 2015
$174kFeature Selection for Genomic Data Using Known and Novel Biological InformationR03CA183006 · NCI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LONG, QI · 2014 to 2015
$154kEvaluating Prediction Models for Cancer Endpoints Subject to Dependent CensoringR03CA173770 · NCI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LONG, QI · 2013 to 2014
$152kPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY ACADEMIC AWARDK07HL001476 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI DASGUPTA, DIPANKAR S · 1985 to 1989
–British Heart Foundation FS/14/76/30933Medical Research Council MC_PC_13041Medical Research Council MR/K006215/1Medical Research Council MR/K006584/1NCI NIH HHS R03 CA173770NCI NIH HHS R03 CA183006NIAID NIH HHS R03 AI111396NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM116065NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS091630
Abstract
backgroundStudies of recurrent or subsequent disease events may be susceptible to bias caused by selection of subjects who both experience and survive the primary indexing event. Currently, the magnitude of any selection bias, particularly for subsequent time-to-event analysis in genetic association studies, is unknown. METHODS AND
resultsWe used empirically inspired simulation studies to explore the impact of selection bias on the marginal hazard ratio for risk of subsequent events among those with established coronary heart disease. The extent of selection bias was determined by the magnitudes of genetic and nongenetic effects on the indexing (first) coronary heart disease event. Unless the genetic hazard ratio was unrealistically large (>1.6 per allele) and assuming the sum of all nongenetic hazard ratios was <10, bias was usually <10% (downward toward the null). Despite the low bias, the probability that a confidence interval included the true effect decreased (undercoverage) with increasing sample size because of increasing precision. Importantly, false-positive rates were not affected by selection bias.
conclusionsIn most empirical settings, selection bias is expected to have a limited impact on genetic effect estimates of subsequent event risk. Nevertheless, because of undercoverage increasing with sample size, most confidence intervals will be over precise (not wide enough). When there is no effect modification by history of coronary heart disease, the false-positive rates of association tests will be close to nominal.
Indexed as
Models, GeneticFalse Positive ReactionsGenetic Diseases, InbornHumansObserver Variationallelesconfidence intervalsgenetic association studiesrisksample sizeselection bias
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.