ArticleScientific reports2017
HIV-infected macrophages and microglia that survive acute infection become viral reservoirs by a mechanism involving Bim.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between HIV-1 neuroinflammation, neurocognitive impairment and encephalitis pathology: A systematic review of studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- HIV-1 andmSphere · 2026Article
- Beyond the neuron: the role of glial cells in viral neuropathogenesis.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A New Type of Nonsuppressible Viremia Produced by HIV-Infected Macrophage.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- CSF CXCL13 as a longitudinal marker for neurocognition in HIV-1-associated dementia after start of treatment in cART-naïve patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- HIV-Induced Apoptosis: Host Defense and Viral Strategy.Biology · 2025Review
- Targeting HIV myeloid and central nervous system reservoirs for HIV cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Opioid-induced immunosuppression of brain myeloid cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.Research square · 2025Article
- Expression of intron-containing HIV-1 RNA induces NLRP1 inflammasome activation in myeloid cells.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- EphB2-mediated ephrin-B reverse signaling on microglia drives an anti-viral, but inflammatory and neurotoxic response associated with HIV.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Expression of HIV envelope protein in the human central nervous system.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Involvement of lncRNAs NEAT1 and ZBTB11-AS1 in Active and Persistent HIV-1 Infection in C20 Human Microglial Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mouse Models of HIV-Associated Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape: Interventions for the Management, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Dual immune modulation of microglia in viral encephalitis: current understanding and future perspectives.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- The challenges to detect, quantify, and characterize viral reservoirs in the current antiretroviral era.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While HIV kills most of the cells it infects, a small number of infected cells survive and become latent viral reservoirs, posing a significant barrier to HIV eradication. However, the mechanism by which immune cells resist HIV-induced apoptosis is still incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that while acute HIV infection of human microglia/macrophages results in massive apoptosis, a small population of HIV-infected cells survive infection, silence viral replication, and can reactivate viral production upon specific treatments. We also found that HIV fusion inhibitors intended for use as antiretroviral therapies extended the survival of HIV-infected macrophages. Analysis of the pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways indicated no significant changes in Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bak, Bax or caspase activation, suggesting that HIV blocks a very early step of apoptosis. Interestingly, Bim, a highly pro-apoptotic negative regulator of Bcl-2, was upregulated and recruited into the mitochondria in latently HIV-infected macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that macrophages/microglia act as HIV reservoirs and utilize a novel mechanism to prevent HIV-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, they also suggest that Bim recruitment to mitochondria could be used as a biomarker of viral reservoirs in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.