Evidence mapPaperPMID 29044708Full record

SynthesisDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2018

Optimal prandial timing of bolus insulin in diabetes management: a review.

D Slattery, S A Amiel, P Choudhary

Open access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Optimal prandial timing of bolus insulin in diabetes management: a review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2018
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Proposed Practical Guidelines to Improve Glycaemic Management by Reducing Glycaemic Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

D SlatteryKings College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK.
S A AmielKings College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK.
P ChoudharyKings College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7635-4735
King's College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The inability to achieve optimal diabetes glucose control in people with diabetes is multifactorial, but one contributor may be inadequate control of postprandial glucose. In patients treated with multiple daily injections of insulin, both the dose and timing of meal-related rapid-acting insulin are key factors in this. There are conflicting opinions and evidence on the optimal time to administer mealtime insulin. We performed a comprehensive literature search to review the published data, focusing on the use of rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of rapid-acting insulin analogues, together with postprandial glucose excursion data, suggest that administering these 15-20 min before food would provide optimal postprandial glucose control. Data from clinical studies involving people with Type 1 diabetes receiving structured meals and rapid-acting insulin analogues support this, showing a reduction in post-meal glucose levels of ~30% and less hypoglycaemia when meal insulin was taken 15-20 min before a meal compared with immediately before the meal. Importantly, there was also a greater risk of postprandial hypoglycaemia when patients took rapid-acting analogues after eating compared with before eating.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseClinical Studies as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin AspartInsulin GlargineInsulin LisproInsulinsPostprandial PeriodBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin AspartInsulin GlargineInsulin LisproInsulins

Identifiers

PMID29044708
PMCPMC5836969
OpenAlexW2765177676

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.