ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
The Role of Carbohydrates in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signalling.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specific alterations of gut microbiota in patients with membranous nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles Engage TLR2 Through NapA to Promote Epithelial Association and Inflammatory Signalling.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Article
- Supplementation of pectic oligosaccharide alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammatory damages and impairment of growth performance in broilers.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Article
- Polyphenols Limit Cerebral Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Under Inflammatory Conditions Related to Oral and Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2026Article
- When glycobiology meets inflammasome activation: Insights and implications.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatics based design of a multiepitope vaccine targetingOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Effects of Dandelion Extracts on the Ruminal Microbiota, Metabolome, and Systemic Inflammation in Dairy Goats Fed a High-Concentrate Diet.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- IntracellularProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Cardamonin Inhibits the Nuclear Translocation and DNA Binding of RelA in the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Structural and Immunological Insights into the Lipooligosaccharide of the Marine BacteriumMarine drugs · 2025Article
- A chronic Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia model to study long-term virulence factors, antibiotic treatments, and polymicrobial infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Inhibiting the Interaction Between Phospholipase A2 and Phospholipid Serine as a Potential Therapeutic Method for Pneumonia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- N4BP3 Activates TLR4-NF-κB Pathway in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Promoting K48-Linked IκBα Ubiquitination.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- The role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer development: a comprehensive analysis based on metabolomics and immunomodulatory mechanisms.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- The physicochemical properties of lipopolysaccharide chemotypes regulate activation of the contact pathway of blood coagulation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Chlorogenic Acid Enhances the Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway and Activating the Nrf2 Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interactions between sugar-containing molecules from the bacteria cell wall and pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on the plasma membrane or cytosol of specialized host cells are the first molecular events required for the activation of higher animal's immune response and inflammation. This review focuses on the role of carbohydrates of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, lipooligosaccharide, LOS, and lipid A), in the interaction with the host Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex. The lipid chains and the phosphorylated disaccharide core of lipid A moiety are responsible for the TLR4 agonist action of LPS, and the specific interaction between MD-2, TLR4, and lipid A are key to the formation of the activated complex (TLR4/MD-2/LPS)₂, which starts intracellular signalling leading to nuclear factors activation and to production of inflammatory cytokines. Subtle chemical variations in the lipid and sugar parts of lipid A cause dramatic changes in endotoxin activity and are also responsible for the switch from TLR4 agonism to antagonism. While the lipid A pharmacophore has been studied in detail and its structure-activity relationship is known, the contribution of core saccharides 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) and heptosyl-2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonate (Hep) to TLR4/MD-2 binding and activation by LPS and LOS has been investigated less extensively. This review focuses on the role of lipid A, but also of Kdo and Hep sugars in LPS/TLR4 signalling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.